updated bundled fmt to version 1fb0586b065c4202e976528a6bdc6384dc56dc04

include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.cc

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
- // Commented out by spdlog to use header only
- // #include "fmt/format.h"
- // #include "fmt/printf.h"
+// Commented out by spdlog to use header only
+// #include "fmt/format.h"
+// #include "fmt/printf.h"
 
 #include <string.h>
 

include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ostream.cc

@@ -7,15 +7,13 @@
  For the license information refer to format.h.
  */
 
- // Commented out by spdlog to use header only
- // #include "fmt/ostream.h"
- // #include "fmt/printf.h"
+// Commented out by spdlog to use header only
+// #include "fmt/ostream.h"
 
 namespace fmt {
 
-namespace {
-// Write the content of w to os.
-void write(std::ostream &os, Writer &w) {
+namespace internal {
+FMT_FUNC void write(std::ostream &os, Writer &w) {
   const char *data = w.data();
   typedef internal::MakeUnsigned<std::streamsize>::Type UnsignedStreamSize;
   UnsignedStreamSize size = w.size();
@@ -33,13 +31,6 @@ void write(std::ostream &os, Writer &w) {
 FMT_FUNC void print(std::ostream &os, CStringRef format_str, ArgList args) {
   MemoryWriter w;
   w.write(format_str, args);
-  write(os, w);
-}
-
-FMT_FUNC int fprintf(std::ostream &os, CStringRef format, ArgList args) {
-  MemoryWriter w;
-  printf(w, format, args);
-  write(os, w);
-  return static_cast<int>(w.size());
+  internal::write(os, w);
 }
 }  // namespace fmt

include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ostream.h

@@ -14,85 +14,77 @@
 // #include "fmt/format.h"
 #include <ostream>
 
-namespace fmt
-{
+namespace fmt {
 
-namespace internal
-{
+namespace internal {
 
 template <class Char>
-class FormatBuf : public std::basic_streambuf<Char>
-{
-private:
-    typedef typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::int_type int_type;
-    typedef typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::traits_type traits_type;
-
-    Buffer<Char> &buffer_;
-    Char *start_;
-
-public:
-    FormatBuf(Buffer<Char> &buffer) : buffer_(buffer), start_(&buffer[0])
-    {
-        this->setp(start_, start_ + buffer_.capacity());
+class FormatBuf : public std::basic_streambuf<Char> {
+ private:
+  typedef typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::int_type int_type;
+  typedef typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::traits_type traits_type;
+
+  Buffer<Char> &buffer_;
+  Char *start_;
+
+ public:
+  FormatBuf(Buffer<Char> &buffer) : buffer_(buffer), start_(&buffer[0]) {
+    this->setp(start_, start_ + buffer_.capacity());
+  }
+
+  int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()) {
+    if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(ch, traits_type::eof())) {
+      size_t buf_size = size();
+      buffer_.resize(buf_size);
+      buffer_.reserve(buf_size * 2);
+
+      start_ = &buffer_[0];
+      start_[buf_size] = traits_type::to_char_type(ch);
+      this->setp(start_+ buf_size + 1, start_ + buf_size * 2);
     }
+    return ch;
+  }
 
-    int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof())
-    {
-        if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(ch, traits_type::eof()))
-        {
-            size_t buf_size = size();
-            buffer_.resize(buf_size);
-            buffer_.reserve(buf_size * 2);
-
-            start_ = &buffer_[0];
-            start_[buf_size] = traits_type::to_char_type(ch);
-            this->setp(start_+ buf_size + 1, start_ + buf_size * 2);
-        }
-        return ch;
-    }
-
-    size_t size() const
-    {
-        return to_unsigned(this->pptr() - start_);
-    }
+  size_t size() const {
+    return to_unsigned(this->pptr() - start_);
+  }
 };
 
 Yes &convert(std::ostream &);
 
-struct DummyStream : std::ostream
-{
-    DummyStream();  // Suppress a bogus warning in MSVC.
-    // Hide all operator<< overloads from std::ostream.
-    void operator<<(Null<>);
+struct DummyStream : std::ostream {
+  DummyStream();  // Suppress a bogus warning in MSVC.
+  // Hide all operator<< overloads from std::ostream.
+  void operator<<(Null<>);
 };
 
 No &operator<<(std::ostream &, int);
 
 template<typename T>
-struct ConvertToIntImpl<T, true>
-{
-    // Convert to int only if T doesn't have an overloaded operator<<.
-    enum
-    {
-        value = sizeof(convert(get<DummyStream>() << get<T>())) == sizeof(No)
-    };
+struct ConvertToIntImpl<T, true> {
+  // Convert to int only if T doesn't have an overloaded operator<<.
+  enum {
+    value = sizeof(convert(get<DummyStream>() << get<T>())) == sizeof(No)
+  };
 };
+
+// Write the content of w to os.
+void write(std::ostream &os, Writer &w);
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Formats a value.
 template <typename Char, typename ArgFormatter, typename T>
-void format(BasicFormatter<Char, ArgFormatter> &f,
-            const Char *&format_str, const T &value)
-{
-    internal::MemoryBuffer<Char, internal::INLINE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer;
-
-    internal::FormatBuf<Char> format_buf(buffer);
-    std::basic_ostream<Char> output(&format_buf);
-    output << value;
-
-    BasicStringRef<Char> str(&buffer[0], format_buf.size());
-    typedef internal::MakeArg< BasicFormatter<Char> > MakeArg;
-    format_str = f.format(format_str, MakeArg(str));
+void format_arg(BasicFormatter<Char, ArgFormatter> &f,
+                const Char *&format_str, const T &value) {
+  internal::MemoryBuffer<Char, internal::INLINE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer;
+
+  internal::FormatBuf<Char> format_buf(buffer);
+  std::basic_ostream<Char> output(&format_buf);
+  output << value;
+
+  BasicStringRef<Char> str(&buffer[0], format_buf.size());
+  typedef internal::MakeArg< BasicFormatter<Char> > MakeArg;
+  format_str = f.format(format_str, MakeArg(str));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -106,18 +98,6 @@ void format(BasicFormatter<Char, ArgFormatter> &f,
  */
 FMT_API void print(std::ostream &os, CStringRef format_str, ArgList args);
 FMT_VARIADIC(void, print, std::ostream &, CStringRef)
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fprintf(cerr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
-  \endrst
- */
-FMT_API int fprintf(std::ostream &os, CStringRef format_str, ArgList args);
-FMT_VARIADIC(int, fprintf, std::ostream &, CStringRef)
 }  // namespace fmt
 
 #ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY

include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/printf.h

@@ -13,83 +13,62 @@
 #include <algorithm>  // std::fill_n
 #include <limits>     // std::numeric_limits
 
-#include "fmt/format.h"
+#include "fmt/ostream.h"
 
-namespace fmt
-{
-namespace internal
-{
+namespace fmt {
+namespace internal {
 
 // Checks if a value fits in int - used to avoid warnings about comparing
 // signed and unsigned integers.
 template <bool IsSigned>
-struct IntChecker
-{
-    template <typename T>
-    static bool fits_in_int(T value)
-    {
-        unsigned max = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-        return value <= max;
-    }
-    static bool fits_in_int(bool)
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
+struct IntChecker {
+  template <typename T>
+  static bool fits_in_int(T value) {
+    unsigned max = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+    return value <= max;
+  }
+  static bool fits_in_int(bool) { return true; }
 };
 
 template <>
-struct IntChecker<true>
-{
-    template <typename T>
-    static bool fits_in_int(T value)
-    {
-        return value >= std::numeric_limits<int>::min() &&
-               value <= std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-    }
-    static bool fits_in_int(int)
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
+struct IntChecker<true> {
+  template <typename T>
+  static bool fits_in_int(T value) {
+    return value >= std::numeric_limits<int>::min() &&
+           value <= std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+  }
+  static bool fits_in_int(int) { return true; }
 };
 
-class PrecisionHandler : public ArgVisitor<PrecisionHandler, int>
-{
-public:
-    void report_unhandled_arg()
-    {
-        FMT_THROW(FormatError("precision is not integer"));
-    }
-
-    template <typename T>
-    int visit_any_int(T value)
-    {
-        if (!IntChecker<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>::fits_in_int(value))
-            FMT_THROW(FormatError("number is too big"));
-        return static_cast<int>(value);
-    }
+class PrecisionHandler : public ArgVisitor<PrecisionHandler, int> {
+ public:
+  void report_unhandled_arg() {
+    FMT_THROW(FormatError("precision is not integer"));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  int visit_any_int(T value) {
+    if (!IntChecker<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>::fits_in_int(value))
+      FMT_THROW(FormatError("number is too big"));
+    return static_cast<int>(value);
+  }
 };
 
 // IsZeroInt::visit(arg) returns true iff arg is a zero integer.
-class IsZeroInt : public ArgVisitor<IsZeroInt, bool>
-{
-public:
-    template <typename T>
-    bool visit_any_int(T value)
-    {
-        return value == 0;
-    }
+class IsZeroInt : public ArgVisitor<IsZeroInt, bool> {
+ public:
+  template <typename T>
+  bool visit_any_int(T value) { return value == 0; }
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename U>
-struct is_same
-{
-    enum { value = 0 };
+struct is_same {
+  enum { value = 0 };
 };
 
 template <typename T>
-struct is_same<T, T>
-{
-    enum { value = 1 };
+struct is_same<T, T> {
+  enum { value = 1 };
 };
 
 // An argument visitor that converts an integer argument to T for printf,
@@ -97,117 +76,99 @@ struct is_same<T, T>
 // corresponding signed or unsigned type depending on the type specifier:
 // 'd' and 'i' - signed, other - unsigned)
 template <typename T = void>
-class ArgConverter : public ArgVisitor<ArgConverter<T>, void>
-{
-private:
-    internal::Arg &arg_;
-    wchar_t type_;
-
-    FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ArgConverter);
-
-public:
-    ArgConverter(internal::Arg &arg, wchar_t type)
-        : arg_(arg), type_(type) {}
-
-    void visit_bool(bool value)
-    {
-        if (type_ != 's')
-            visit_any_int(value);
-    }
-
-    template <typename U>
-    void visit_any_int(U value)
-    {
-        bool is_signed = type_ == 'd' || type_ == 'i';
-        using internal::Arg;
-        typedef typename internal::Conditional<
+class ArgConverter : public ArgVisitor<ArgConverter<T>, void> {
+ private:
+  internal::Arg &arg_;
+  wchar_t type_;
+
+  FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ArgConverter);
+
+ public:
+  ArgConverter(internal::Arg &arg, wchar_t type)
+    : arg_(arg), type_(type) {}
+
+  void visit_bool(bool value) {
+    if (type_ != 's')
+      visit_any_int(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename U>
+  void visit_any_int(U value) {
+    bool is_signed = type_ == 'd' || type_ == 'i';
+    using internal::Arg;
+    typedef typename internal::Conditional<
         is_same<T, void>::value, U, T>::type TargetType;
-        if (sizeof(TargetType) <= sizeof(int))
-        {
-            // Extra casts are used to silence warnings.
-            if (is_signed)
-            {
-                arg_.type = Arg::INT;
-                arg_.int_value = static_cast<int>(static_cast<TargetType>(value));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                arg_.type = Arg::UINT;
-                typedef typename internal::MakeUnsigned<TargetType>::Type Unsigned;
-                arg_.uint_value = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<Unsigned>(value));
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (is_signed)
-            {
-                arg_.type = Arg::LONG_LONG;
-                // glibc's printf doesn't sign extend arguments of smaller types:
-                //   std::printf("%lld", -42);  // prints "4294967254"
-                // but we don't have to do the same because it's a UB.
-                arg_.long_long_value = static_cast<LongLong>(value);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                arg_.type = Arg::ULONG_LONG;
-                arg_.ulong_long_value =
-                    static_cast<typename internal::MakeUnsigned<U>::Type>(value);
-            }
-        }
+    if (sizeof(TargetType) <= sizeof(int)) {
+      // Extra casts are used to silence warnings.
+      if (is_signed) {
+        arg_.type = Arg::INT;
+        arg_.int_value = static_cast<int>(static_cast<TargetType>(value));
+      } else {
+        arg_.type = Arg::UINT;
+        typedef typename internal::MakeUnsigned<TargetType>::Type Unsigned;
+        arg_.uint_value = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<Unsigned>(value));
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (is_signed) {
+        arg_.type = Arg::LONG_LONG;
+        // glibc's printf doesn't sign extend arguments of smaller types:
+        //   std::printf("%lld", -42);  // prints "4294967254"
+        // but we don't have to do the same because it's a UB.
+        arg_.long_long_value = static_cast<LongLong>(value);
+      } else {
+        arg_.type = Arg::ULONG_LONG;
+        arg_.ulong_long_value =
+            static_cast<typename internal::MakeUnsigned<U>::Type>(value);
+      }
     }
+  }
 };
 
 // Converts an integer argument to char for printf.
-class CharConverter : public ArgVisitor<CharConverter, void>
-{
-private:
-    internal::Arg &arg_;
+class CharConverter : public ArgVisitor<CharConverter, void> {
+ private:
+  internal::Arg &arg_;
 
-    FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CharConverter);
+  FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CharConverter);
 
-public:
-    explicit CharConverter(internal::Arg &arg) : arg_(arg) {}
+ public:
+  explicit CharConverter(internal::Arg &arg) : arg_(arg) {}
 
-    template <typename T>
-    void visit_any_int(T value)
-    {
-        arg_.type = internal::Arg::CHAR;
-        arg_.int_value = static_cast<char>(value);
-    }
+  template <typename T>
+  void visit_any_int(T value) {
+    arg_.type = internal::Arg::CHAR;
+    arg_.int_value = static_cast<char>(value);
+  }
 };
 
 // Checks if an argument is a valid printf width specifier and sets
 // left alignment if it is negative.
-class WidthHandler : public ArgVisitor<WidthHandler, unsigned>
-{
-private:
-    FormatSpec &spec_;
-
-    FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WidthHandler);
-
-public:
-    explicit WidthHandler(FormatSpec &spec) : spec_(spec) {}
-
-    void report_unhandled_arg()
-    {
-        FMT_THROW(FormatError("width is not integer"));
-    }
-
-    template <typename T>
-    unsigned visit_any_int(T value)
-    {
-        typedef typename internal::IntTraits<T>::MainType UnsignedType;
-        UnsignedType width = static_cast<UnsignedType>(value);
-        if (internal::is_negative(value))
-        {
-            spec_.align_ = ALIGN_LEFT;
-            width = 0 - width;
-        }
-        unsigned int_max = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-        if (width > int_max)
-            FMT_THROW(FormatError("number is too big"));
-        return static_cast<unsigned>(width);
+class WidthHandler : public ArgVisitor<WidthHandler, unsigned> {
+ private:
+  FormatSpec &spec_;
+
+  FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WidthHandler);
+
+ public:
+  explicit WidthHandler(FormatSpec &spec) : spec_(spec) {}
+
+  void report_unhandled_arg() {
+    FMT_THROW(FormatError("width is not integer"));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  unsigned visit_any_int(T value) {
+    typedef typename internal::IntTraits<T>::MainType UnsignedType;
+    UnsignedType width = static_cast<UnsignedType>(value);
+    if (internal::is_negative(value)) {
+      spec_.align_ = ALIGN_LEFT;
+      width = 0 - width;
     }
+    unsigned int_max = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+    if (width > int_max)
+      FMT_THROW(FormatError("number is too big"));
+    return static_cast<unsigned>(width);
+  }
 };
 }  // namespace internal
 
@@ -229,343 +190,302 @@ public:
   \endrst
  */
 template <typename Impl, typename Char>
-class BasicPrintfArgFormatter : public internal::ArgFormatterBase<Impl, Char>
-{
-private:
-    void write_null_pointer()
-    {
-        this->spec().type_ = 0;
-        this->write("(nil)");
-    }
-
-    typedef internal::ArgFormatterBase<Impl, Char> Base;
-
-public:
-    /**
-      \rst
-      Constructs an argument formatter object.
-      *writer* is a reference to the output writer and *spec* contains format
-      specifier information for standard argument types.
-      \endrst
-     */
-    BasicPrintfArgFormatter(BasicWriter<Char> &writer, FormatSpec &spec)
-        : internal::ArgFormatterBase<Impl, Char>(writer, spec) {}
-
-    /** Formats an argument of type ``bool``. */
-    void visit_bool(bool value)
-    {
-        FormatSpec &fmt_spec = this->spec();
-        if (fmt_spec.type_ != 's')
-            return this->visit_any_int(value);
-        fmt_spec.type_ = 0;
-        this->write(value);
-    }
-
-    /** Formats a character. */
-    void visit_char(int value)
-    {
-        const FormatSpec &fmt_spec = this->spec();
-        BasicWriter<Char> &w = this->writer();
-        if (fmt_spec.type_ && fmt_spec.type_ != 'c')
-            w.write_int(value, fmt_spec);
-        typedef typename BasicWriter<Char>::CharPtr CharPtr;
-        CharPtr out = CharPtr();
-        if (fmt_spec.width_ > 1)
-        {
-            Char fill = ' ';
-            out = w.grow_buffer(fmt_spec.width_);
-            if (fmt_spec.align_ != ALIGN_LEFT)
-            {
-                std::fill_n(out, fmt_spec.width_ - 1, fill);
-                out += fmt_spec.width_ - 1;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                std::fill_n(out + 1, fmt_spec.width_ - 1, fill);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            out = w.grow_buffer(1);
-        }
-        *out = static_cast<Char>(value);
-    }
-
-    /** Formats a null-terminated C string. */
-    void visit_cstring(const char *value)
-    {
-        if (value)
-            Base::visit_cstring(value);
-        else if (this->spec().type_ == 'p')
-            write_null_pointer();
-        else
-            this->write("(null)");
-    }
-
-    /** Formats a pointer. */
-    void visit_pointer(const void *value)
-    {
-        if (value)
-            return Base::visit_pointer(value);
-        this->spec().type_ = 0;
-        write_null_pointer();
-    }
-
-    /** Formats an argument of a custom (user-defined) type. */
-    void visit_custom(internal::Arg::CustomValue c)
-    {
-        BasicFormatter<Char> formatter(ArgList(), this->writer());
-        const Char format_str[] = {'}', 0};
-        const Char *format = format_str;
-        c.format(&formatter, c.value, &format);
+class BasicPrintfArgFormatter : public internal::ArgFormatterBase<Impl, Char> {
+ private:
+  void write_null_pointer() {
+    this->spec().type_ = 0;
+    this->write("(nil)");
+  }
+
+  typedef internal::ArgFormatterBase<Impl, Char> Base;
+
+ public:
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs an argument formatter object.
+    *writer* is a reference to the output writer and *spec* contains format
+    specifier information for standard argument types.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  BasicPrintfArgFormatter(BasicWriter<Char> &writer, FormatSpec &spec)
+  : internal::ArgFormatterBase<Impl, Char>(writer, spec) {}
+
+  /** Formats an argument of type ``bool``. */
+  void visit_bool(bool value) {
+    FormatSpec &fmt_spec = this->spec();
+    if (fmt_spec.type_ != 's')
+      return this->visit_any_int(value);
+    fmt_spec.type_ = 0;
+    this->write(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a character. */
+  void visit_char(int value) {
+    const FormatSpec &fmt_spec = this->spec();
+    BasicWriter<Char> &w = this->writer();
+    if (fmt_spec.type_ && fmt_spec.type_ != 'c')
+      w.write_int(value, fmt_spec);
+    typedef typename BasicWriter<Char>::CharPtr CharPtr;
+    CharPtr out = CharPtr();
+    if (fmt_spec.width_ > 1) {
+      Char fill = ' ';
+      out = w.grow_buffer(fmt_spec.width_);
+      if (fmt_spec.align_ != ALIGN_LEFT) {
+        std::fill_n(out, fmt_spec.width_ - 1, fill);
+        out += fmt_spec.width_ - 1;
+      } else {
+        std::fill_n(out + 1, fmt_spec.width_ - 1, fill);
+      }
+    } else {
+      out = w.grow_buffer(1);
     }
+    *out = static_cast<Char>(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a null-terminated C string. */
+  void visit_cstring(const char *value) {
+    if (value)
+      Base::visit_cstring(value);
+    else if (this->spec().type_ == 'p')
+      write_null_pointer();
+    else
+      this->write("(null)");
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a pointer. */
+  void visit_pointer(const void *value) {
+    if (value)
+      return Base::visit_pointer(value);
+    this->spec().type_ = 0;
+    write_null_pointer();
+  }
+
+  /** Formats an argument of a custom (user-defined) type. */
+  void visit_custom(internal::Arg::CustomValue c) {
+    BasicFormatter<Char> formatter(ArgList(), this->writer());
+    const Char format_str[] = {'}', 0};
+    const Char *format = format_str;
+    c.format(&formatter, c.value, &format);
+  }
 };
 
 /** The default printf argument formatter. */
 template <typename Char>
 class PrintfArgFormatter
-    : public BasicPrintfArgFormatter<PrintfArgFormatter<Char>, Char>
-{
-public:
-    /** Constructs an argument formatter object. */
-    PrintfArgFormatter(BasicWriter<Char> &w, FormatSpec &s)
-        : BasicPrintfArgFormatter<PrintfArgFormatter<Char>, Char>(w, s) {}
+    : public BasicPrintfArgFormatter<PrintfArgFormatter<Char>, Char> {
+ public:
+  /** Constructs an argument formatter object. */
+  PrintfArgFormatter(BasicWriter<Char> &w, FormatSpec &s)
+  : BasicPrintfArgFormatter<PrintfArgFormatter<Char>, Char>(w, s) {}
 };
 
 /** This template formats data and writes the output to a writer. */
 template <typename Char, typename ArgFormatter = PrintfArgFormatter<Char> >
-class PrintfFormatter : private internal::FormatterBase
-{
-private:
-    BasicWriter<Char> &writer_;
-
-    void parse_flags(FormatSpec &spec, const Char *&s);
-
-    // Returns the argument with specified index or, if arg_index is equal
-    // to the maximum unsigned value, the next argument.
-    internal::Arg get_arg(
-        const Char *s,
-        unsigned arg_index = (std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)());
-
-    // Parses argument index, flags and width and returns the argument index.
-    unsigned parse_header(const Char *&s, FormatSpec &spec);
-
-public:
-    /**
-     \rst
-     Constructs a ``PrintfFormatter`` object. References to the arguments and
-     the writer are stored in the formatter object so make sure they have
-     appropriate lifetimes.
-     \endrst
-     */
-    explicit PrintfFormatter(const ArgList &args, BasicWriter<Char> &w)
-        : FormatterBase(args), writer_(w) {}
-
-    /** Formats stored arguments and writes the output to the writer. */
-    FMT_API void format(BasicCStringRef<Char> format_str);
+class PrintfFormatter : private internal::FormatterBase {
+ private:
+  BasicWriter<Char> &writer_;
+
+  void parse_flags(FormatSpec &spec, const Char *&s);
+
+  // Returns the argument with specified index or, if arg_index is equal
+  // to the maximum unsigned value, the next argument.
+  internal::Arg get_arg(
+      const Char *s,
+      unsigned arg_index = (std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)());
+
+  // Parses argument index, flags and width and returns the argument index.
+  unsigned parse_header(const Char *&s, FormatSpec &spec);
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a ``PrintfFormatter`` object. References to the arguments and
+   the writer are stored in the formatter object so make sure they have
+   appropriate lifetimes.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  explicit PrintfFormatter(const ArgList &args, BasicWriter<Char> &w)
+    : FormatterBase(args), writer_(w) {}
+
+  /** Formats stored arguments and writes the output to the writer. */
+  FMT_API void format(BasicCStringRef<Char> format_str);
 };
 
 template <typename Char, typename AF>
-void PrintfFormatter<Char, AF>::parse_flags(FormatSpec &spec, const Char *&s)
-{
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        switch (*s++)
-        {
-        case '-':
-            spec.align_ = ALIGN_LEFT;
-            break;
-        case '+':
-            spec.flags_ |= SIGN_FLAG | PLUS_FLAG;
-            break;
-        case '0':
-            spec.fill_ = '0';
-            break;
-        case ' ':
-            spec.flags_ |= SIGN_FLAG;
-            break;
-        case '#':
-            spec.flags_ |= HASH_FLAG;
-            break;
-        default:
-            --s;
-            return;
-        }
+void PrintfFormatter<Char, AF>::parse_flags(FormatSpec &spec, const Char *&s) {
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (*s++) {
+      case '-':
+        spec.align_ = ALIGN_LEFT;
+        break;
+      case '+':
+        spec.flags_ |= SIGN_FLAG | PLUS_FLAG;
+        break;
+      case '0':
+        spec.fill_ = '0';
+        break;
+      case ' ':
+        spec.flags_ |= SIGN_FLAG;
+        break;
+      case '#':
+        spec.flags_ |= HASH_FLAG;
+        break;
+      default:
+        --s;
+        return;
     }
+  }
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename AF>
 internal::Arg PrintfFormatter<Char, AF>::get_arg(const Char *s,
-        unsigned arg_index)
-{
-    (void)s;
-    const char *error = 0;
-    internal::Arg arg = arg_index == std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() ?
-                        next_arg(error) : FormatterBase::get_arg(arg_index - 1, error);
-    if (error)
-        FMT_THROW(FormatError(!*s ? "invalid format string" : error));
-    return arg;
+                                                 unsigned arg_index) {
+  (void)s;
+  const char *error = 0;
+  internal::Arg arg = arg_index == std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() ?
+    next_arg(error) : FormatterBase::get_arg(arg_index - 1, error);
+  if (error)
+    FMT_THROW(FormatError(!*s ? "invalid format string" : error));
+  return arg;
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename AF>
 unsigned PrintfFormatter<Char, AF>::parse_header(
-    const Char *&s, FormatSpec &spec)
-{
-    unsigned arg_index = std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max();
-    Char c = *s;
-    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-    {
-        // Parse an argument index (if followed by '$') or a width possibly
-        // preceded with '0' flag(s).
-        unsigned value = internal::parse_nonnegative_int(s);
-        if (*s == '$')    // value is an argument index
-        {
-            ++s;
-            arg_index = value;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (c == '0')
-                spec.fill_ = '0';
-            if (value != 0)
-            {
-                // Nonzero value means that we parsed width and don't need to
-                // parse it or flags again, so return now.
-                spec.width_ = value;
-                return arg_index;
-            }
-        }
+  const Char *&s, FormatSpec &spec) {
+  unsigned arg_index = std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max();
+  Char c = *s;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+    // Parse an argument index (if followed by '$') or a width possibly
+    // preceded with '0' flag(s).
+    unsigned value = internal::parse_nonnegative_int(s);
+    if (*s == '$') {  // value is an argument index
+      ++s;
+      arg_index = value;
+    } else {
+      if (c == '0')
+        spec.fill_ = '0';
+      if (value != 0) {
+        // Nonzero value means that we parsed width and don't need to
+        // parse it or flags again, so return now.
+        spec.width_ = value;
+        return arg_index;
+      }
     }
-    parse_flags(spec, s);
-    // Parse width.
-    if (*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
-    {
-        spec.width_ = internal::parse_nonnegative_int(s);
+  }
+  parse_flags(spec, s);
+  // Parse width.
+  if (*s >= '0' && *s <= '9') {
+    spec.width_ = internal::parse_nonnegative_int(s);
+  } else if (*s == '*') {
+    ++s;
+    spec.width_ = internal::WidthHandler(spec).visit(get_arg(s));
+  }
+  return arg_index;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename AF>
+void PrintfFormatter<Char, AF>::format(BasicCStringRef<Char> format_str) {
+  const Char *start = format_str.c_str();
+  const Char *s = start;
+  while (*s) {
+    Char c = *s++;
+    if (c != '%') continue;
+    if (*s == c) {
+      write(writer_, start, s);
+      start = ++s;
+      continue;
     }
-    else if (*s == '*')
-    {
+    write(writer_, start, s - 1);
+
+    FormatSpec spec;
+    spec.align_ = ALIGN_RIGHT;
+
+    // Parse argument index, flags and width.
+    unsigned arg_index = parse_header(s, spec);
+
+    // Parse precision.
+    if (*s == '.') {
+      ++s;
+      if ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') {
+        spec.precision_ = static_cast<int>(internal::parse_nonnegative_int(s));
+      } else if (*s == '*') {
         ++s;
-        spec.width_ = internal::WidthHandler(spec).visit(get_arg(s));
+        spec.precision_ = internal::PrecisionHandler().visit(get_arg(s));
+      }
     }
-    return arg_index;
-}
 
-template <typename Char, typename AF>
-void PrintfFormatter<Char, AF>::format(BasicCStringRef<Char> format_str)
-{
-    const Char *start = format_str.c_str();
-    const Char *s = start;
-    while (*s)
-    {
-        Char c = *s++;
-        if (c != '%') continue;
-        if (*s == c)
-        {
-            write(writer_, start, s);
-            start = ++s;
-            continue;
-        }
-        write(writer_, start, s - 1);
-
-        FormatSpec spec;
-        spec.align_ = ALIGN_RIGHT;
-
-        // Parse argument index, flags and width.
-        unsigned arg_index = parse_header(s, spec);
-
-        // Parse precision.
-        if (*s == '.')
-        {
-            ++s;
-            if ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9')
-            {
-                spec.precision_ = static_cast<int>(internal::parse_nonnegative_int(s));
-            }
-            else if (*s == '*')
-            {
-                ++s;
-                spec.precision_ = internal::PrecisionHandler().visit(get_arg(s));
-            }
-        }
-
-        using internal::Arg;
-        Arg arg = get_arg(s, arg_index);
-        if (spec.flag(HASH_FLAG) && internal::IsZeroInt().visit(arg))
-            spec.flags_ &= ~internal::to_unsigned<int>(HASH_FLAG);
-        if (spec.fill_ == '0')
-        {
-            if (arg.type <= Arg::LAST_NUMERIC_TYPE)
-                spec.align_ = ALIGN_NUMERIC;
-            else
-                spec.fill_ = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types.
-        }
-
-        // Parse length and convert the argument to the required type.
-        using internal::ArgConverter;
-        switch (*s++)
-        {
-        case 'h':
-            if (*s == 'h')
-                ArgConverter<signed char>(arg, *++s).visit(arg);
-            else
-                ArgConverter<short>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
-            break;
-        case 'l':
-            if (*s == 'l')
-                ArgConverter<fmt::LongLong>(arg, *++s).visit(arg);
-            else
-                ArgConverter<long>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
-            break;
-        case 'j':
-            ArgConverter<intmax_t>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
-            break;
-        case 'z':
-            ArgConverter<std::size_t>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
-            break;
-        case 't':
-            ArgConverter<std::ptrdiff_t>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
-            break;
-        case 'L':
-            // printf produces garbage when 'L' is omitted for long double, no
-            // need to do the same.
-            break;
-        default:
-            --s;
-            ArgConverter<void>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
-        }
-
-        // Parse type.
-        if (!*s)
-            FMT_THROW(FormatError("invalid format string"));
-        spec.type_ = static_cast<char>(*s++);
-        if (arg.type <= Arg::LAST_INTEGER_TYPE)
-        {
-            // Normalize type.
-            switch (spec.type_)
-            {
-            case 'i':
-            case 'u':
-                spec.type_ = 'd';
-                break;
-            case 'c':
-                // TODO: handle wchar_t
-                internal::CharConverter(arg).visit(arg);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        start = s;
-
-        // Format argument.
-        AF(writer_, spec).visit(arg);
+    using internal::Arg;
+    Arg arg = get_arg(s, arg_index);
+    if (spec.flag(HASH_FLAG) && internal::IsZeroInt().visit(arg))
+      spec.flags_ &= ~internal::to_unsigned<int>(HASH_FLAG);
+    if (spec.fill_ == '0') {
+      if (arg.type <= Arg::LAST_NUMERIC_TYPE)
+        spec.align_ = ALIGN_NUMERIC;
+      else
+        spec.fill_ = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types.
+    }
+
+    // Parse length and convert the argument to the required type.
+    using internal::ArgConverter;
+    switch (*s++) {
+    case 'h':
+      if (*s == 'h')
+        ArgConverter<signed char>(arg, *++s).visit(arg);
+      else
+        ArgConverter<short>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
+      break;
+    case 'l':
+      if (*s == 'l')
+        ArgConverter<fmt::LongLong>(arg, *++s).visit(arg);
+      else
+        ArgConverter<long>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
+      break;
+    case 'j':
+      ArgConverter<intmax_t>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
+      break;
+    case 'z':
+      ArgConverter<std::size_t>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
+      break;
+    case 't':
+      ArgConverter<std::ptrdiff_t>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
+      break;
+    case 'L':
+      // printf produces garbage when 'L' is omitted for long double, no
+      // need to do the same.
+      break;
+    default:
+      --s;
+      ArgConverter<void>(arg, *s).visit(arg);
+    }
+
+    // Parse type.
+    if (!*s)
+      FMT_THROW(FormatError("invalid format string"));
+    spec.type_ = static_cast<char>(*s++);
+    if (arg.type <= Arg::LAST_INTEGER_TYPE) {
+      // Normalize type.
+      switch (spec.type_) {
+      case 'i': case 'u':
+        spec.type_ = 'd';
+        break;
+      case 'c':
+        // TODO: handle wchar_t
+        internal::CharConverter(arg).visit(arg);
+        break;
+      }
     }
-    write(writer_, start, s);
+
+    start = s;
+
+    // Format argument.
+    AF(writer_, spec).visit(arg);
+  }
+  write(writer_, start, s);
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-void printf(BasicWriter<Char> &w, BasicCStringRef<Char> format, ArgList args)
-{
-    PrintfFormatter<Char>(args, w).format(format);
+void printf(BasicWriter<Char> &w, BasicCStringRef<Char> format, ArgList args) {
+  PrintfFormatter<Char>(args, w).format(format);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -577,19 +497,17 @@ void printf(BasicWriter<Char> &w, BasicCStringRef<Char> format, ArgList args)
     std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
   \endrst
 */
-inline std::string sprintf(CStringRef format, ArgList args)
-{
-    MemoryWriter w;
-    printf(w, format, args);
-    return w.str();
+inline std::string sprintf(CStringRef format, ArgList args) {
+  MemoryWriter w;
+  printf(w, format, args);
+  return w.str();
 }
 FMT_VARIADIC(std::string, sprintf, CStringRef)
 
-inline std::wstring sprintf(WCStringRef format, ArgList args)
-{
-    WMemoryWriter w;
-    printf(w, format, args);
-    return w.str();
+inline std::wstring sprintf(WCStringRef format, ArgList args) {
+  WMemoryWriter w;
+  printf(w, format, args);
+  return w.str();
 }
 FMT_VARIADIC_W(std::wstring, sprintf, WCStringRef)
 
@@ -614,11 +532,27 @@ FMT_VARIADIC(int, fprintf, std::FILE *, CStringRef)
     fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
   \endrst
  */
-inline int printf(CStringRef format, ArgList args)
-{
-    return fprintf(stdout, format, args);
+inline int printf(CStringRef format, ArgList args) {
+  return fprintf(stdout, format, args);
 }
 FMT_VARIADIC(int, printf, CStringRef)
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fprintf(cerr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+inline int fprintf(std::ostream &os, CStringRef format_str, ArgList args) {
+  MemoryWriter w;
+  printf(w, format_str, args);
+  internal::write(os, w);
+  return static_cast<int>(w.size());
+}
+FMT_VARIADIC(int, fprintf, std::ostream &, CStringRef)
 }  // namespace fmt
 
 #endif  // FMT_PRINTF_H_