This check adds a few constraints on the way to build a project when we have
a proto file which imports another one. In particular, on projects which
build both C# and Java, it's easy to end up with exceptions like

    Expected: included.proto but was src/main/protobuf/included.proto

A user may work around this issue, but it may add unnecessary constraints
on the layout of the project.

According to https://github.com/google/protobuf/commit/f3504cf3b1d456a843e8242fdee9ba0bf2991dc1#diff-ecb0b909ed572381a1c8d1994f09a948R309
it has already been considered to get rid of this check, for
similar considerations, and because it doesn't exist in the Java code

Recently, descriptor.proto gained a GeneratedCodeInfo message, which means the generated code conflicts with our type.
Unfortunately this affects codegen as well, although this is a part of the public API which is very unlikely to affect hand-written code.

Generated code changes in next commit.

There are corner cases where MessageDescriptor.{ClrType,Parser} will return null, and these are now documented. However, normally they *should* be implemented, even for descriptors of for dynamic messages. Ditto FieldDescriptor.Accessor.
We'll still need a fair amount of work to implement dynamic messages, but this change means that the public API will be remain intact.

Additionally, this change starts making use of C# 6 features in the files that it touches. This is far from exhaustive, and later PRs will have more.

Generated code changes coming in the next commit.

We now do this in protoc instead of the generation simpler.

Benefits:
- Generation script is simpler
- Detection is simpler as we now only need to care about one filename
- The embedded descriptor knows itself as "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto" avoiding dependency issues

This PR also makes the "invalid dependency" exception clearer in terms of expected and actual dependencies.

We now do this in protoc instead of the generation simpler.

Benefits:
- Generation script is simpler
- Detection is simpler as we now only need to care about one filename
- The embedded descriptor knows itself as "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto" avoiding dependency issues

This PR also makes the "invalid dependency" exception clearer in terms of expected and actual dependencies.

With this in place, generating APIs on github.com/google/googleapis works - previously annotations.proto failed.
Currently there's no access to the annotations (stored as extensions) but we could potentially expose those at a later date.

This is definitely not ready to ship - I'm "troubled" by the disconnect between a list of fields in declaration order, and a mapping of field accessors by field number/name. Discussion required, but I find that easier when we've got code to look at :)

Instead, introduce GeneratedCodeInfo which passes in what we need, and adjust the codegen to take account of this.

Changes in brief:
1. Descriptor is now the entry point for all reflection.
2. IReflectedMessage has gone; there's now a Descriptor property in IMessage, which is explicitly implemented (due to the static property).
3. FieldAccessorTable has gone away
4. IFieldAccessor and OneofFieldAccessor still exist; we *could* put the functionality straight into FieldDescriptor and OneofDescriptor... I'm unsure about that.
5. There's a temporary property MessageDescriptor.FieldAccessorsByFieldNumber to make the test changes small - we probably want this to go away
6. Discovery for delegates is now via attributes applied to properties and the Clear method of a oneof

I'm happy with 1-3.
4 I'm unsure about - feedback welcome.
5 will go away
6 I'm unsure about, both in design and implementation. Should we have a ProtobufMessageAttribute too? Should we find all the relevant attributes in MessageDescriptor and pass them down, to avoid an O(N^2) scenario?

Generated code changes coming in the next commit.

We'll see what I've missed when CI fails...

Update code already within Google.Protobuf.Reflection which was importing Google.Protobuf.DescriptorProtos

- Move types into Google.Protobuf.Reflection
- Change codegen to reflect that in generated types

Generated code changes coming in part 2

- The protos are no longer publicly exposed at all
- Oneof detection now works (as we default to -1, not 0)
- OneofDescriptor exposes the fields in the oneof
- Removed unnecessary code for replacing protos - remnant of extensions
- There's now just the non-generic form of IDescriptor

- FieldAccessorTable is now non-generic
- We don't have a static field per message type in the umbrella class. (Message descriptors are accessed via the file descriptor.)
- Removed the "descriptor assigner" complication from the descriptor fixup; without extensions, we don't need it
- MapField implements IDictionary (more tests would be good...)
- RepeatedField implements IList (more tests would be good)
- Use expression trees to build accessors. (Will need to test this on various platforms... probably need a fallback strategy just using reflection directly.)
- Added FieldDescriptor.IsMap
- Added tests for reflection with generated messages

Changes to generated code coming in next commit.

Everything should now be consistent - the only difference between files is the year (aside from generated files).

Fixes issue #531.

1) Remove CSharpOptions
2) A new version of DescriptorProtoFile (with manual changes from codegen - it would otherwise be Descriptor.cs)
3) Turn off CLS compliance (which we'll remove from the codebase entirely; I don't think it's actually relevant these days)
4) Add "public imports" to FileDescriptor, with code broadly copied from the Java codebase.
Lots more changes to commit before it will build and tests run, but one step at a time...