google/protobuf/map_test.cc:88:16: error: expected ‘;’ at end of member declaration
google/protobuf/map_test.cc:88:18: error: ‘override’ does not name a type
.

Incorporates feedback from @xfxyjwf:
https://github.com/google/protobuf/pull/84#discussion_r20474781.

Define safe constants to use when padding enums.

Fixes #80.

- `int64` typedef collision with `sys/inttypes.h`
- `xlC` complains about `int` and pointer comparisons without casts

There is an example at the top of the page which contains code that appears to show a user how to create and serialize a message to a file. However the flags to open the file lack the O_CREAT flag which allows creating the file if it doesn't exist. I was troubleshooting a situation where this snippet was used and compiled, but never created a file.

Upstreaming patch used by Chromium in
https://codereview.chromium.org/693773003/

This patch adds support for atomic operations on Solaris, on any platform.
It makes use of the atomic functions made available in Solaris' atomic.h
header.

__atomic_store_n() cannot take a memory model argument of
__ATOMIC_ACQUIRE, and __atomic_load_n() cannot take a memory model
argument of __ATOMIC_RELEASE, per the GCC documentation:

    https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.1/gcc/_005f_005fatomic-Builtins.html

On Clang this generates a -Watomic-memory-ordering warning.

Promote the fences in Acquire_Store() and Release_Load() to the stronger
__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST memory model, which ought to be safe.

Note that there are no actual uses of Acquire_Store() or Release_Load()
in protobuf, though.

This follows the TSAN atomicops implementation, which also uses SEQ_CST
fences for these functions.

(Fixes #25.)

We cannot use Clang's __has_extension macro unless we really are
compiling on Clang, which means we cannot use this expression:

    #if (defined(__clang__) && __has_extension(c_atomic)))
    // ...
    #endif

On GCC, this generates the following errors:

    In file included from ./google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h:59:0,
                     from google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_x86_gcc.cc:36:
    ./google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h:67:41: error: missing binary operator before token "("
       (defined(__clang__) && __has_extension(c_atomic)))
                                             ^
    In file included from google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_x86_gcc.cc:36:0:
    ./google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h:196:40: error: missing binary operator before token "("
      (defined(__clang__) && __has_extension(c_atomic))
                                            ^

Instead, we have to protect the __has_extension expression by only
executing it when __clang__ is defined:

    #if defined(__clang__)
    # if __has_extension(c_atomic)
    // ...
    # endif
    #endif

The generic atomicops implementation is only exposed if GCC >= 4.7 is
available, but Clang, where the underlying __atomic built-ins are also
available, typically only claims to be GCC 4.2. This causes build
failures when compiling protobuf or the output of protoc's C++ code
generator on an architecture that needs the generic atomicops
implementation with Clang.

Clang has a "c_atomic" extension which can be tested for which almost
does what we want:

    C11 atomic operations

    Use __has_feature(c_atomic) or __has_extension(c_atomic) to
    determine if support for atomic types using _Atomic is enabled.
    Clang also provides a set of builtins which can be used to implement
    the <stdatomic.h> operations on _Atomic types.

I'm not sure if this guarantees that the GNU atomic builtins (the ones
with the __atomic prefix) are also available, but in practice this
should guarantee that Clang is new enough.

With this change in place, Clang generates several diagnostics when
compiling the generic atomicops implementation. These appear to be bugs
in the generic atomicops implementation and are not Clang-specific.

The macro GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_PPC is not used anywhere in the protobuf
source; there is no Power-specific atomics implementation, etc.

Funnily enough, the macro __ppc__ is not actually defined on 32-bit
Power on GCC/Linux, according to the following webpage:

    http://nadeausoftware.com/articles/2012/02/c_c_tip_how_detect_processor_type_using_compiler_predefined_macros#POWER

and verified on a 32-bit Debian sid 'powerpc' chroot:

    (sid_powerpc-dchroot)edmonds@partch:~$ gcc -dM -E - < /dev/null | grep -c __ppc__
    0
    (sid_powerpc-dchroot)edmonds@partch:~$ gcc -dM -E - < /dev/null | grep -c __LP64__
    0

This change fixes the following compiler warning:

warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type [-Wignored-qualifiers]

patch Issue 130740043 to trunk for other atomicops patches: [MIPS64] Add support for MIPS64 in protobuf

make dist complains the file name is too long and refuse to put it to tar. Change the file to a shorter name