Ruby C extension speedup: don't re-intern constant string needlessly.

Also fixed lines with > 80 char length.

Generate *all* protos in the script, applying fixups.

Update MRI C Ruby extension to use new version of upb (with upb_env).

Post csharp landing fixup.

Re-add the objc prefix that got removed by accident.
Regenerate the generated descriptors (C++ and ObjC).

We still have some protos which aren't generated how we want them to be:

- Until we have an option to specify the "umbrella" class, DescriptorProtoFile
  will be broken. (The change of name here affects the reflection descriptor,
  which accounts for most of the change. That's easier than trying to work out
  exactly which occurrences of Descriptor need changing though.)
- That change affects UnittestCustomOptions
- Issue #307 breaks Unittest.cs

After this commit, we don't have the record of the fixups in the files themselves
any more, but one centralized record in the shell script.

[PYTHON] Only generate protos in development

Fixes #333.

- Alter encode/decode paths to use the `upb_env` (environment)
  abstraction.
- Update upb amalgamation to upstream `93791bfe`.
- Fix a compilation warning (void*->char* cast).
- Modify build flags so that upb doesn't produce warnings -- the Travis
  build logs were pretty cluttered previously.

ruby: Encode decode cleanup and behavior normalization

Make generate_protos.sh Windows-friendly.

Refactor Travis tests: split configs and run in parallel.

Merge protobuf C# into master (only C# proto2 is supported)

ruby: make repeated_field quack like an array

To my surprise, executing generate_protos.sh used the version of Bash installed with Git for Windows by default.
After a few modifications to detect the most appropriate protoc to use, this worked pretty simply.
This change also:
- adds generation of the address book tutorial proto,
- fixes the addressbook.proto to specify proto2 explicitly (to avoid a warning from protoc; I don't think we want warnings...)
- fixes the addressbook.proto C# namespace (which I thought I'd done before, but apparently hadn't)
- includes the regenerated UnittestCustomOptions.cs apart from the DescriptorProtoFIle => Descriptor change

Add Ruby to Travis testing

Integrate changes from latest master branch into csharp branch.

- Added RVM-based Ruby test driver that tests MRI and JRuby.
- Fixed JRuby compilation (at least in my current setup): force source
  version to 1.6 (Java 6) to allow generics and annotations.
- Modify the skipped JRuby JSON tests so that the exit code is 0 (skip()
  results in a failing exit code from `rake test`). An upcoming PR
  should fix JSON under JRuby in general soon.

Update README.md for C#

Remove the C#-specific field_presence_test.proto, using unittest_no_field_presence.proto instead.

* make consistent between mri and jruby
* create a #to_h and have it use symbols for keys
* add #to_json and #to_proto helpers on the Google::Protobuf message classes

This is the start of establishing a C# namespace of "Google.ProtocolBuffers.TestProtos.Proto3" for proto3-syntax protos.
We could optionally split the directory structure as well into Proto2 and Proto3 for clarity.

C# generate_proto.sh and buildall.sh scripts