`.quo` return the most exact devision which fixes accuracy problems for the
timestamp coercion

This will allow loading the extension for Ruby 2.1.10...

This fixes the test_acts_likes_an_array test in RepeatedFieldTest, which
checks that repeated fields respond to the same methods as regular Ruby
arrays. The bsearch_index and dig array methods seem to be new in Ruby
2.3 and so we should support those.

Change-Id: If7b1cc0f03f609a7f43ddafc8509b44207c60910

This involved fixing a few important bugs in the
Ruby implementation -- mostly cases of mixing
upb field types and descriptor types (upb field
types do not distinguish between int/sint/fixed/sfixed
like descriptor types do).

Also added protobuf-specific exceptions so parse
errors can be caught specifically.

Change-Id: Ib49d3db976900b2c6f3455c8b88af52cfb86e036

* make consistent between mri and jruby
* create a #to_h and have it use symbols for keys
* add #to_json and #to_proto helpers on the Google::Protobuf message classes

starting to make `RepeatedField` quack like an array

additional changes:
* make sure gemspec gets all ruby code files
* add homepage in gem spec removes one of the warnings, and the gem spec authors are pushing
everyone to include a homepage in the gem
* remove excess whitespace in test suite to bring formatting inline with the rest of the file

system. The Ruby module build now uses an amalgamated distribution of
upb, and successfully builds a Ruby gem called 'google-protobuf' with
module 'google/protobuf'.