This brings us more into line with other langauges, and makes it more
obvious when we are requiring protobuf generated code.

- A golden-file test that ensures protoc produces known-valid output.
- A Ruby test that loads that golden file and ensures it actually works
  with the extension.

This split strategy allows us to test end-to-end without needing to
integrate the Ruby gem build system and the protoc build system. This is
desirable because we do not want a gem build/install to depend on
building protoc, and we do not want building protoc to depend on
building and testing the gem.