findChessboardCornersSB: speed improvements (#12615)

* chessboard: fix do not modify const image

* chessboard: speed up scale space using parallel_for

* chessboard: small improvements

* chessboard: speed up board growing using parallel_for

* chessboard: add flags for tuning detection

* chessboard: fix compiler warnings

* chessborad: change flag name to CALIB_CB_EXHAUSTIVE

This also fixes a typo

* chessboard: fix const ref + remove to_string