Actually, we can do this in constant time. xofs always
contains same or increasing offset values. We can instead
find the most extreme value used and never attempt to load it.

Similarly, we can note for all dx >= 0 and dx < (dwidth - cn)
where xofs[dx] + cn < xofs[dwidth-cn] implies dx < (dwidth - cn).

Thus, we can use this to control our loop termination optimally.

This fixes #16137 with little or no performance impact. I have
also added a debug check as a sanity check.

backport commit 659ffadd

Add explicit size check for Rodrigues() function to prevent issue like https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58969553

* doc: added macOS installation guide

* doc: added clarification and corrections

* docs: introduction entry, lowercase file names and ids

* imgproc(test): resize(LANCZOS4) reproducer 16192

* imgproc: fix resize LANCZOS4 coefficients generation

* cuda_mog2_issue_5296

* Fix #16007 - colinearity computed using all 3 coordinates

* calib3d(test): estimateAffine3D regression 16007

* Handle det == 0 in findCircle3pts.

Issue 16051 shows a case where findCircle3pts returns NaN for the
center coordinates and radius due to dividing by a determinant of 0. In
this case, the points are colinear, so the longest distance between any
2 points is the diameter of the minimum enclosing circle.

* imgproc(test): update test checks for minEnclosingCircle()

* imgproc: fix handling of special cases in minEnclosingCircle()

modern readers that expect RADIANCE will read it