findChessboardCornersSB: speed improvements (#12615)

* chessboard: fix do not modify const image

* chessboard: speed up scale space using parallel_for

* chessboard: small improvements

* chessboard: speed up board growing using parallel_for

* chessboard: add flags for tuning detection

* chessboard: fix compiler warnings

* chessborad: change flag name to CALIB_CB_EXHAUSTIVE

This also fixes a typo

* chessboard: fix const ref + remove to_string

- accepts script parameter (allows drag & drop from 'explorer')
- use script dir instead of current dir (can launch samples from 'samples/dnn')
- added 'pause' to show error messages (about missing numpy) instead of instant closing

* Cleanup macros and enable expansion of `__VA_ARGS__` for Visual Studio

* Macros for enum-arguments backwards compatibility

* Convert struct Param to enum struct

* Enabled ParamType.type for enum types

* Enabled `cv.read` and `cv.write` for enum types

* Rename unnamed enum to AAKAZE.DescriptorType

* Rename unnamed enum to AccessFlag

* Rename unnamed enum to AgastFeatureDetector.DetectorType

* Convert struct DrawMatchesFlags to enum struct

* Rename unnamed enum to FastFeatureDetector.DetectorType

* Rename unnamed enum to Formatter.FormatType

* Rename unnamed enum to HOGDescriptor.HistogramNormType

* Rename unnamed enum to DescriptorMatcher.MatcherType

* Rename unnamed enum to KAZE.DiffusivityType

* Rename unnamed enum to ORB.ScoreType

* Rename unnamed enum to UMatData.MemoryFlag

* Rename unnamed enum to _InputArray.KindFlag

* Rename unnamed enum to _OutputArray.DepthMask

* Convert normType enums to static const NormTypes

* Avoid conflicts with ElemType

* Rename unnamed enum to DescriptorStorageFormat

* JS: Support enum types in constructors

* JS: Avoid unary expression on enum-based consts

cuda: move CUDA modules to opencv_contrib: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/1781

OpenCV 4.0+

* core: drop usage of CV_USRTYPE1 in OpenCV

avoid OpenCV crashes due size change CV_ELEM_SIZE(CV_USRTYPE1): 8 -> 2

* ! fix persistence internal types

Before this fix, the code would fail if only standard deviations of
extrinsic parameters are requested. While standard deviations matrix
should be computed if any set of standard deviations is requested. A
variable is added to represent this case.

- DNN: avoid very large models
- build filter per module
- fixed longTestFilter

Updating the base SDK from 6.0 to 8.0 where applicable

- ffmpeg 4.0.2
- openh264 1.8.0