Add Java and Python code for Image Segmentation with Distance Transform and Watershed Algorithm tutorial. Use more Pythonic code.

Other links:
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/master
- https://github.com/opencv/opencv/blob/master

Add Java and Python code for the following imgproc tutorials: Affine Transformations, Histogram Equalization, Histogram Calculation, Histogram Comparison, Back Projection.

Add Java and Python code for the following imgproc tutorials: Canny, Remap, threshold and threshold inRange. Use HSV colorspace instead of RGB for inRange threshold tutorial.

Found via `codespell`

Found via `codespell -q 3 --skip="./3rdparty" -I ../opencv-whitelist.txt`

Corrected the spelling which was used in explanation for parameters.

* Update linux_install.markdown

Grammar improvements, fixed typos.

* Update tutorials.markdown

Improvements in grammar.

* Update table_of_content_calib3d.markdown

* Update camera_calibration_square_chess.markdown

Improvements in grammar. Added answer.

* Update tutorials.markdown

* Update erosion_dilatation.markdown

* Update table_of_content_imgproc.markdown

* Update warp_affine.markdown

* Update camera_calibration_square_chess.markdown

Removed extra space.

* Update gpu_basics_similarity.markdown

Grammatical improvements, fixed typos.

* Update trackbar.markdown

Improvement for better understanding.

Original commit is a5f19f7dd6ae5bc93f73e0417a9e0bfd34c01672

Conflicts:
	doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/hough_lines/hough_lines.rst

Distance Transform tutorial fixes

Distance Transform fixes v.2

Distance Transform fixes v.3

Distance Transform fixes v.4

In section "How do we get an Affine Transformation" subsection 2 there was a ' where there should have been a ` which caused the math to be rendered incorrectly.