Update hog.cpp (#12649)

* Cleanup macros and enable expansion of `__VA_ARGS__` for Visual Studio

* Macros for enum-arguments backwards compatibility

* Convert struct Param to enum struct

* Enabled ParamType.type for enum types

* Enabled `cv.read` and `cv.write` for enum types

* Rename unnamed enum to AAKAZE.DescriptorType

* Rename unnamed enum to AccessFlag

* Rename unnamed enum to AgastFeatureDetector.DetectorType

* Convert struct DrawMatchesFlags to enum struct

* Rename unnamed enum to FastFeatureDetector.DetectorType

* Rename unnamed enum to Formatter.FormatType

* Rename unnamed enum to HOGDescriptor.HistogramNormType

* Rename unnamed enum to DescriptorMatcher.MatcherType

* Rename unnamed enum to KAZE.DiffusivityType

* Rename unnamed enum to ORB.ScoreType

* Rename unnamed enum to UMatData.MemoryFlag

* Rename unnamed enum to _InputArray.KindFlag

* Rename unnamed enum to _OutputArray.DepthMask

* Convert normType enums to static const NormTypes

* Avoid conflicts with ElemType

* Rename unnamed enum to DescriptorStorageFormat

Minor improvement to SSE code in HOGDescriptor::computeGradient, replace emulation of _mm_mullo_epi32 with constant multiplicand 3 with two _mm_add_epi32. OpenCV issue #11161

Found via `codespell`

Implementation of bit-exact resize. Internal calls to linear resize updated to use bit-exact version. (#9468)

Solve #9307.

In oder to guarantee SIMDness between the two compilation steps we choose the
highest SIMD size that is optimized in the kernel for the first step.

clip the found objects in HOG as well (http://code.opencv.org/issues/3825); added test to check CascadeClassifier on small images (http://code.opencv.org/issues/3710)

Conflicts:
	modules/objdetect/src/hog.cpp

fix android build

when true, use signed gradient for the angular histogram computation.
default to false for backward compatibility.

(cherry picked from commit 7ce11669)

1. someMatrix.data -> someMatrix.prt()
2. someMatrix.data + someMatrix.step * lineIndex -> someMatrix.ptr( lineIndex )
3. (SomeType*) someMatrix.data -> someMatrix.ptr<SomeType>()
4. someMatrix.data -> !someMatrix.empty() ( or !someMatrix.data -> someMatrix.empty() ) in logical expressions