MergeDebevec takes camera response function as an optional input
parameter. Despite being clearly marked as input, this matrix is
overwritten during processing.

This commit adds a temporary matrix to store the log response and avoid
modification of the input.

Extension of the camera distortion model for tilted image sensors (Scheimpflug condition) including test

Common fixes:
- print function
- int / float division
- map, zip iterators in py3 but lists in py2

Known bugs with opencv 3.0.0
- digits.py, called via digits_video.py: https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/issues/4969
- gaussian_mix.py: https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/pull/4232
- video_v4l2.py: https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/pull/5474

Not working:
- letter_recog.py due to changed ml_StatModel.train() signature

if they are not we also do not need to allocate a local copy of the rvec
and tvec

also replace C defines with C++ enums

use the same approach like in fisheye calibration: instead of setting
masked out rows to zero, remove them from the equation system.
This way JtJ does not become singular and we can use the much faster LU
decomposition instead of SVD.

This results in a speedup of the Calibrate unit tests of 3x-10x.

applying patch by rxtsolar: https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/pull/5422 for the master branch (even though it's actually not that important here)