Made changes to work in cv::Algorithm with parameters of these types.
Also fixed SimpleBlobDetector -- now it can be created by
cv::Algorithm::create and it can work with cv::Algorithm::set/get.

Add checks for valid values
Fix wording on some errors

Invalid links and refences fixed.
SpaeseMat class documentation updated.

* typo in Algorithm::addParam for 'short' data type which results in segmentation fault on ARM
  on attempt to set type property for FAST using setter inherited from Algorithm
* added short type support to read/write methods
* improved some error messages

All errors were found by doc/check_docs2.py

possibly repaired FAST test (however, FAST<7/12> and <5/8> could still do something different than described in the paper)