some improvements on tutorials

modules/core/include/opencv2/core.hpp

@@ -273,6 +273,9 @@ of p and len.
 */
 CV_EXPORTS_W int borderInterpolate(int p, int len, int borderType);
 
+/** @example copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp
+An example using copyMakeBorder function
+ */
 /** @brief Forms a border around an image.
 
 The function copies the source image into the middle of the destination image. The areas to the
@@ -471,6 +474,9 @@ The function can also be emulated with a matrix expression, for example:
 */
 CV_EXPORTS_W void scaleAdd(InputArray src1, double alpha, InputArray src2, OutputArray dst);
 
+/** @example AddingImagesTrackbar.cpp
+
+ */
 /** @brief Calculates the weighted sum of two arrays.
 
 The function addWeighted calculates the weighted sum of two arrays as follows:

modules/imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp

@@ -2795,6 +2795,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void adaptiveThreshold( InputArray src, OutputArray dst,
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_filter
 //! @{
 
+/** @example Pyramids.cpp
+An example using pyrDown and pyrUp functions
+ */
 /** @brief Blurs an image and downsamples it.
 
 By default, size of the output image is computed as `Size((src.cols+1)/2, (src.rows+1)/2)`, but in
@@ -3669,6 +3672,9 @@ enum TemplateMatchModes {
     TM_CCOEFF_NORMED = 5  //!< \f[R(x,y)= \frac{ \sum_{x',y'} (T'(x',y') \cdot I'(x+x',y+y')) }{ \sqrt{\sum_{x',y'}T'(x',y')^2 \cdot \sum_{x',y'} I'(x+x',y+y')^2} }\f]
 };
 
+/** @example MatchTemplate_Demo.cpp
+An example using Template Matching algorithm
+ */
 /** @brief Compares a template against overlapped image regions.
 
 The function slides through image , compares the overlapped patches of size \f$w \times h\f$ against
@@ -4134,6 +4140,9 @@ enum ColormapTypes
     COLORMAP_PARULA = 12 //!< ![parula](pics/colormaps/colorscale_parula.jpg)
 };
 
+/** @example falsecolor.cpp
+An example using applyColorMap function
+*/
 /** @brief Applies a GNU Octave/MATLAB equivalent colormap on a given image.
 
 @param src The source image, grayscale or colored of type CV_8UC1 or CV_8UC3.
@@ -4216,6 +4225,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS void rectangle(CV_IN_OUT Mat& img, Rect rec,
                           const Scalar& color, int thickness = 1,
                           int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0);
 
+/** @example Drawing_2.cpp
+An example using drawing functions
+ */
 /** @brief Draws a circle.
 
 The function circle draws a simple or filled circle with a given center and radius.
@@ -4339,6 +4351,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS void fillPoly(Mat& img, const Point** pts,
                          const Scalar& color, int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0,
                          Point offset = Point() );
 
+/** @example Drawing_1.cpp
+An example using drawing functions
+ */
 /** @brief Fills the area bounded by one or more polygons.
 
 The function fillPoly fills an area bounded by several polygonal contours. The function can fill

modules/objdetect/include/opencv2/objdetect.hpp

@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@ public:
     virtual Ptr<MaskGenerator> getMaskGenerator() = 0;
 };
 
+/** @example facedetect.cpp
+*/
 /** @brief Cascade classifier class for object detection.
  */
 class CV_EXPORTS_W CascadeClassifier
@@ -348,6 +350,8 @@ struct DetectionROI
    std::vector<double> confidences;
 };
 
+/**@example peopledetect.cpp
+ */
 struct CV_EXPORTS_W HOGDescriptor
 {
 public:

modules/photo/include/opencv2/photo.hpp

@@ -730,6 +730,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void decolor( InputArray src, OutputArray grayscale, OutputArray co
 //! @addtogroup photo_clone
 //! @{
 
+/** @example cloning_demo.cpp
+An example using seamlessClone function
+*/
 /** @brief Image editing tasks concern either global changes (color/intensity corrections, filters,
 deformations) or local changes concerned to a selection. Here we are interested in achieving local
 changes, ones that are restricted to a region manually selected (ROI), in a seamless and effortless
@@ -833,6 +836,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void edgePreservingFilter(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int flag
 CV_EXPORTS_W void detailEnhance(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, float sigma_s = 10,
         float sigma_r = 0.15f);
 
+/** @example npr_demo.cpp
+An example using non-photorealistic line drawing functions
+*/
 /** @brief Pencil-like non-photorealistic line drawing
 
 @param src Input 8-bit 3-channel image.

modules/shape/include/opencv2/shape/shape_distance.hpp

@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ namespace cv
 //! @addtogroup shape
 //! @{
 
+/** @example shape_example.cpp
+An example using shape distance algorithm
+*/
 /** @brief Abstract base class for shape distance algorithms.
  */
 class CV_EXPORTS_W ShapeDistanceExtractor : public Algorithm

modules/video/include/opencv2/video/tracking.hpp

@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ See the OpenCV sample camshiftdemo.c that tracks colored objects.
  */
 CV_EXPORTS_W RotatedRect CamShift( InputArray probImage, CV_IN_OUT Rect& window,
                                    TermCriteria criteria );
-
+/** @example camshiftdemo.cpp
+An example using the mean-shift tracking algorithm
+*/
 /** @brief Finds an object on a back projection image.
 
 @param probImage Back projection of the object histogram. See calcBackProject for details.
@@ -97,8 +99,6 @@ projection and remove the noise. For example, you can do this by retrieving conn
 with findContours , throwing away contours with small area ( contourArea ), and rendering the
 remaining contours with drawContours.
 
-@note
--   A mean-shift tracking sample can be found at opencv_source_code/samples/cpp/camshiftdemo.cpp
  */
 CV_EXPORTS_W int meanShift( InputArray probImage, CV_IN_OUT Rect& window, TermCriteria criteria );
 
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W int buildOpticalFlowPyramid( InputArray img, OutputArrayOfArrays py
                                           int derivBorder = BORDER_CONSTANT,
                                           bool tryReuseInputImage = true );
 
+/** @example lkdemo.cpp
+An example using the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm
+ */
 /** @brief Calculates an optical flow for a sparse feature set using the iterative Lucas-Kanade method with
 pyramids.
 
@@ -258,6 +261,10 @@ enum
     MOTION_HOMOGRAPHY  = 3
 };
 
+/** @example image_alignment.cpp
+An example using the image alignment ECC algorithm
+ */
+
 /** @brief Finds the geometric transform (warp) between two images in terms of the ECC criterion @cite EP08 .
 
 @param templateImage single-channel template image; CV_8U or CV_32F array.
@@ -313,25 +320,20 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W double findTransformECC( InputArray templateImage, InputArray input
                                       TermCriteria criteria = TermCriteria(TermCriteria::COUNT+TermCriteria::EPS, 50, 0.001),
                                       InputArray inputMask = noArray());
 
+/** @example kalman.cpp
+An example using the standard Kalman filter
+*/
 /** @brief Kalman filter class.
 
 The class implements a standard Kalman filter <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalman_filter>,
 @cite Welch95 . However, you can modify transitionMatrix, controlMatrix, and measurementMatrix to get
-an extended Kalman filter functionality. See the OpenCV sample kalman.cpp.
-
-@note
-
--   An example using the standard Kalman filter can be found at
-    opencv_source_code/samples/cpp/kalman.cpp
+an extended Kalman filter functionality.
+@note In C API when CvKalman\* kalmanFilter structure is not needed anymore, it should be released
+with cvReleaseKalman(&kalmanFilter)
  */
 class CV_EXPORTS_W KalmanFilter
 {
 public:
-    /** @brief The constructors.
-
-    @note In C API when CvKalman\* kalmanFilter structure is not needed anymore, it should be released
-    with cvReleaseKalman(&kalmanFilter)
-     */
     CV_WRAP KalmanFilter();
     /** @overload
     @param dynamParams Dimensionality of the state.

modules/videoio/include/opencv2/videoio.hpp

@@ -808,12 +808,12 @@ protected:
 
 class IVideoWriter;
 
+/** @example videowriter_basic.cpp
+An example using VideoCapture and VideoWriter class
+ */
 /** @brief Video writer class.
 
 The class provides C++ API for writing video files or image sequences.
-
-Here is how the class can be used:
-@include samples/cpp/videowriter_basic.cpp
  */
 class CV_EXPORTS_W VideoWriter
 {

samples/cpp/create_mask.cpp

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ int flag1 = 0;
 
 int minx,miny,maxx,maxy,lenx,leny;
 
-int channel;
-
 void mouseHandler(int, int, int, int, void*);
 
 void mouseHandler(int event, int x, int y, int, void*)
@@ -121,14 +119,22 @@ void mouseHandler(int event, int x, int y, int, void*)
     }
 }
 
+static void help()
+{
+    cout << "\nThis program demonstrates using mouse events"
+        "\nCall:\n"
+        "./create_mask <image_name>\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\tleft mouse button - set a point to create mask shape"
+        "\n"
+        "\tright mouse button - create mask from points\n"
+        "\tmiddle mouse button - reset\n" << endl;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h | | show help message}{@input | | input image}");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        parser.printMessage();
-        return 0;
-    }
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@input | ../data/lena.jpg | input image}");
+    help();
     string input_image = parser.get<string>("@input");
     if (input_image.empty())
     {
@@ -143,8 +149,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     img0 = src;
 
-    channel = img0.channels();
-
     res1 = Mat::zeros(img0.size(),CV_8UC1);
     final = Mat::zeros(img0.size(),CV_8UC3);
     //////////// source image ///////////////////
@@ -154,6 +158,5 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     imshow("Source", img0);
     waitKey(0);
 
-    img0.release();
-    img1.release();
+    return 0;
 }

samples/cpp/drawing.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
 #include <stdio.h>
+
 using namespace cv;
 
 static void help()
@@ -16,14 +17,9 @@ static Scalar randomColor(RNG& rng)
     return Scalar(icolor&255, (icolor>>8)&255, (icolor>>16)&255);
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
+int main()
 {
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h||}");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
+    help();
     char wndname[] = "Drawing Demo";
     const int NUMBER = 100;
     const int DELAY = 5;
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     imshow(wndname, image);
     waitKey(DELAY);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < NUMBER * 2; i++)
     {
         Point pt1, pt2;
         pt1.x = rng.uniform(x1, x2);
@@ -44,14 +40,19 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         pt2.x = rng.uniform(x1, x2);
         pt2.y = rng.uniform(y1, y2);
 
-        line( image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(1,10), lineType );
+        int arrowed = rng.uniform(0, 6);
+
+        if( arrowed < 3 )
+            line( image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(1,10), lineType );
+        else
+            arrowedLine(image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(1, 10), lineType);
 
         imshow(wndname, image);
         if(waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
             return 0;
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < NUMBER * 2; i++)
     {
         Point pt1, pt2;
         pt1.x = rng.uniform(x1, x2);
@@ -59,8 +60,13 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         pt2.x = rng.uniform(x1, x2);
         pt2.y = rng.uniform(y1, y2);
         int thickness = rng.uniform(-3, 10);
+        int marker = rng.uniform(0, 10);
+        int marker_size = rng.uniform(30, 80);
 
-        rectangle( image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), MAX(thickness, -1), lineType );
+        if (marker > 5)
+            rectangle(image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), MAX(thickness, -1), lineType);
+        else
+            drawMarker(image, pt1, randomColor(rng), marker, marker_size );
 
         imshow(wndname, image);
         if(waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
@@ -181,7 +187,3 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     waitKey();
     return 0;
 }
-
-#ifdef _EiC
-main(1,"drawing.c");
-#endif

samples/cpp/edge.cpp

@@ -53,15 +53,11 @@ const char* keys =
 
 int main( int argc, const char** argv )
 {
+    help();
     CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, keys);
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
     string filename = parser.get<string>(0);
 
-    image = imread(filename, 1);
+    image = imread(filename, IMREAD_COLOR);
     if(image.empty())
     {
         printf("Cannot read image file: %s\n", filename.c_str());

samples/cpp/falsecolor.cpp

@@ -125,11 +125,15 @@ static Mat DrawMyImage(int thickness,int nbShape)
     return img;
 }
 
-int main(void)
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     ParamColorMar  p;
 
-    Mat img= DrawMyImage(2,256);
+    Mat img;
+    if (argc > 1)
+        img = imread(argv[1], 0);
+    else
+        img = DrawMyImage(2,256);
     p.img=img;
     p.iColormap=0;
 

samples/cpp/grabcut.cpp

@@ -276,12 +276,9 @@ static void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param )
 
 int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h||}{@input||}");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@input| ../data/messi5.jpg |}");
+    help();
+
     string filename = parser.get<string>("@input");
     if( filename.empty() )
     {
@@ -295,8 +292,6 @@ int main( int argc, char** argv )
         return 1;
     }
 
-    help();
-
     const string winName = "image";
     namedWindow( winName, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
     setMouseCallback( winName, on_mouse, 0 );

samples/cpp/image_alignment.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const std::string keys =
     "{e epsilon      | 0.0001        | ECC's convergence epsilon }"
     "{o outputWarp   | outWarp.ecc   | output warp (matrix) filename }"
     "{m motionType   | affine        | type of motion (translation, euclidean, affine, homography) }"
-    "{v verbose      | 0             | display initial and final images }"
+    "{v verbose      | 1             | display initial and final images }"
     "{w warpedImfile | warpedECC.png | warped input image }"
     "{h help | | print help message }"
 ;
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@ static void draw_warped_roi(Mat& image, const int width, const int height, Mat&
     GET_HOMO_VALUES(U, bottom_right.x, bottom_right.y);
 
     // draw the warped perimeter
-    line(image, top_left, top_right, Scalar(255,0,255));
-    line(image, top_right, bottom_right, Scalar(255,0,255));
-    line(image, bottom_right, bottom_left, Scalar(255,0,255));
-    line(image, bottom_left, top_left, Scalar(255,0,255));
+    line(image, top_left, top_right, Scalar(255));
+    line(image, top_right, bottom_right, Scalar(255));
+    line(image, bottom_right, bottom_left, Scalar(255));
+    line(image, bottom_left, top_left, Scalar(255));
 }
 
 int main (const int argc, const char * argv[])
@@ -177,17 +177,9 @@ int main (const int argc, const char * argv[])
     CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, keys);
     parser.about("ECC demo");
 
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        parser.printMessage();
-        help();
-        return 1;
-    }
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        parser.printMessage();
-        help();
-        return 1;
-    }
+    parser.printMessage();
+    help();
+
     string imgFile = parser.get<string>(0);
     string tempImgFile = parser.get<string>(1);
     string inWarpFile = parser.get<string>(2);
@@ -239,10 +231,10 @@ int main (const int argc, const char * argv[])
         }
 
     }
-    else{ //apply random waro to input image
+    else{ //apply random warp to input image
         resize(inputImage, target_image, Size(216, 216));
         Mat warpGround;
-        cv::RNG rng;
+        RNG rng(getTickCount());
         double angle;
         switch (mode_temp) {
         case MOTION_TRANSLATION:
@@ -299,7 +291,7 @@ int main (const int argc, const char * argv[])
     }
     else {
 
-        printf("\n ->Perfomarnce Warning: Identity warp ideally assumes images of "
+        printf("\n ->Performance Warning: Identity warp ideally assumes images of "
             "similar size. If the deformation is strong, the identity warp may not "
             "be a good initialization. \n");
 
@@ -363,7 +355,8 @@ int main (const int argc, const char * argv[])
         namedWindow ("warped image",   WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
         namedWindow ("error (black: no error)", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
 
-        moveWindow  ("template", 350, 350);
+        moveWindow  ("image", 20, 300);
+        moveWindow  ("template", 300, 300);
         moveWindow  ("warped image",   600, 300);
         moveWindow  ("error (black: no error)", 900, 300);
 

samples/cpp/image_sequence.cpp

@@ -18,17 +18,12 @@ static void help(char** argv)
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h||}{@image||}");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help(argv);
-        return 0;
-    }
+    help(argv);
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@image| ../data/left%02d.jpg |}");
     string first_file = parser.get<string>("@image");
 
     if(first_file.empty())
     {
-        help(argv);
         return 1;
     }
 

samples/cpp/inpaint.cpp

@@ -47,12 +47,9 @@ static void onMouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* )
 
 int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h||}{@image|../data/fruits.jpg|}");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@image|../data/fruits.jpg|}");
+    help();
+
     string filename = parser.get<string>("@image");
     Mat img0 = imread(filename, -1);
     if(img0.empty())

samples/cpp/laplace.cpp

@@ -26,12 +26,9 @@ int smoothType = GAUSSIAN;
 int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
     VideoCapture cap;
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h | | }{ c | 0 | }{ p | | }");
-    if ( parser.has("help") )
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{ c | 0 | }{ p | | }");
+    help();
+
     if( parser.get<string>("c").size() == 1 && isdigit(parser.get<string>("c")[0]) )
         cap.open(parser.get<int>("c"));
     else

samples/cpp/letter_recog.cpp

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
     int method = 0;
 
     cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{data|../data/letter-recognition.data|}{save||}{load||}{boost||}"
-            "{mlp||}{knn knearest||}{nbayes||}{svm||}{help h||}");
+            "{mlp||}{knn knearest||}{nbayes||}{svm||}");
     data_filename = parser.get<string>("data");
     if (parser.has("save"))
         filename_to_save = parser.get<string>("save");
@@ -537,11 +537,9 @@ int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
         method = 4;
     else if (parser.has("svm"))
         method = 5;
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
+
+    help();
+
     if( (method == 0 ?
         build_rtrees_classifier( data_filename, filename_to_save, filename_to_load ) :
         method == 1 ?
@@ -555,8 +553,6 @@ int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
         method == 5 ?
         build_svm_classifier( data_filename, filename_to_save, filename_to_load ):
         -1) < 0)
-    {
-        help();
-    }
+
     return 0;
 }

samples/cpp/lkdemo.cpp

@@ -45,16 +45,11 @@ int main( int argc, char** argv )
     bool needToInit = false;
     bool nightMode = false;
 
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@input||}{help h||}");
+    help();
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@input|0|}");
     string input = parser.get<string>("@input");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if( input.empty() )
-        cap.open(0);
-    else if( input.size() == 1 && isdigit(input[0]) )
+
+    if( input.size() == 1 && isdigit(input[0]) )
         cap.open(input[0] - '0');
     else
         cap.open(input);

samples/cpp/mask_tmpl.cpp

@@ -19,16 +19,12 @@ static void help()
 
 int main( int argc, const char** argv )
 {
+    help();
     cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv,
-        "{help h||}"
         "{ i | ../data/lena_tmpl.jpg | }"
         "{ t | ../data/tmpl.png | }"
         "{ m | ../data/mask.png | }");
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
+
     string filename = parser.get<string>("i");
     string tmplname = parser.get<string>("t");
     string maskname = parser.get<string>("m");

samples/cpp/npr_demo.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ using namespace cv;
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 {
-    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h||show help message}{@image||input image}");
+    cv::CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{help h||show help message}{@image|../data/lena.jpg|input image}");
     if (parser.has("help"))
     {
         parser.printMessage();

samples/cpp/polar_transforms.cpp

@@ -53,14 +53,13 @@ int main( int argc, char** argv )
             break;
 
         Point2f center( (float)frame.cols / 2, (float)frame.rows / 2 );
-        double radius = (double)frame.cols / 4;
-        double M = (double)frame.cols / log(radius);
+        double M = 70;
 
         logPolar(frame,log_polar_img, center, M, INTER_LINEAR + WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS);
-        linearPolar(frame,lin_polar_img, center, radius, INTER_LINEAR + WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS);
+        linearPolar(frame,lin_polar_img, center, M, INTER_LINEAR + WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS);
 
         logPolar(log_polar_img, recovered_log_polar, center, M, WARP_INVERSE_MAP + INTER_LINEAR);
-        linearPolar(lin_polar_img, recovered_lin_polar_img, center, radius, WARP_INVERSE_MAP + INTER_LINEAR + WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS);
+        linearPolar(lin_polar_img, recovered_lin_polar_img, center, M, WARP_INVERSE_MAP + INTER_LINEAR + WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS);
 
         imshow("Log-Polar", log_polar_img );
         imshow("Linear-Polar", lin_polar_img );

samples/cpp/shape_example.cpp

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     resize(iiIm, bestToShow, sz2Sh);
     imshow("BEST MATCH", bestToShow);
     moveWindow("BEST MATCH", sz2Sh.width+50,0);
+    waitKey();
 
     return 0;
 }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/HighGUI/BasicLinearTransformsTrackbar.cpp

@@ -40,10 +40,15 @@ static void on_trackbar( int, void* )
  * @function main
  * @brief Main function
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
    /// Read image given by user
-   image = imread( argv[1] );
+   String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+   if (argc > 1)
+   {
+      imageName = argv[1];
+   }
+   image = imread( imageName );
 
    /// Initialize values
    alpha = 1;
@@ -54,8 +59,8 @@ int main( int, char** argv )
    namedWindow("New Image", 1);
 
    /// Create Trackbars
-   createTrackbar( "Contrast Trackbar", "New Image", &alpha, alpha_max, on_trackbar );
-   createTrackbar( "Brightness Trackbar", "New Image", &beta, beta_max, on_trackbar );
+   createTrackbar( "Contrast", "New Image", &alpha, alpha_max, on_trackbar );
+   createTrackbar( "Brightness", "New Image", &beta, beta_max, on_trackbar );
 
    /// Show some stuff
    imshow("Original Image", image);

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicLinearTransforms.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ using namespace cv;
  * @function main
  * @brief Main function
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
     //! [basic-linear-transform-parameters]
     double alpha = 1.0; /*< Simple contrast control */
@@ -24,7 +24,12 @@ int main( int, char** argv )
 
     /// Read image given by user
     //! [basic-linear-transform-load]
-    Mat image = imread( argv[1] );
+    String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+    if (argc > 1)
+    {
+        imageName = argv[1];
+    }
+    Mat image = imread( imageName );
     //! [basic-linear-transform-load]
     //! [basic-linear-transform-output]
     Mat new_image = Mat::zeros( image.size(), image.type() );

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Morphology_2.cpp

@@ -29,10 +29,15 @@ void Morphology_Operations( int, void* );
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   //![load]
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
+  String imageName("../data/baboon.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+  imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread(imageName, IMREAD_COLOR); // Load an image
 
   if( src.empty() )
     { return -1; }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Threshold.cpp

@@ -30,10 +30,15 @@ void Threshold_Demo( int, void* );
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   //! [load]
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
+  String imageName("../data/stuff.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+      imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
 
   if( src.empty() )
     { return -1; }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/changing_contrast_brightness_image/changing_contrast_brightness_image.cpp

@@ -58,9 +58,16 @@ void on_gamma_correction_trackbar(int, void *)
 }
 }
 
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
-    img_original = imread( argv[1] );
+
+    String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+    if (argc > 1)
+    {
+        imageName = argv[1];
+    }
+
+    img_original = imread( imageName );
     img_corrected = Mat(img_original.rows, img_original.cols*2, img_original.type());
     img_gamma_corrected = Mat(img_original.rows, img_original.cols*2, img_original.type());
 

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/HoughCircle_Demo.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace
     const std::string usage = "Usage : tutorial_HoughCircle_Demo <path_to_input_image>\n";
 
     // initial and max values of the parameters of interests.
-    const int cannyThresholdInitialValue = 200;
+    const int cannyThresholdInitialValue = 100;
     const int accumulatorThresholdInitialValue = 50;
     const int maxAccumulatorThreshold = 200;
     const int maxCannyThreshold = 255;
@@ -55,15 +55,13 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     Mat src, src_gray;
 
-    if (argc < 2)
+    // Read the image
+    String imageName("../data/stuff.jpg"); // by default
+    if (argc > 1)
     {
-        std::cerr<<"No input image specified\n";
-        std::cout<<usage;
-        return -1;
+       imageName = argv[1];
     }
-
-    // Read the image
-    src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR );
+    src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR );
 
     if( src.empty() )
     {

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/HoughLines_Demo.cpp

@@ -35,10 +35,15 @@ void Probabilistic_Hough( int, void* );
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
-   /// Read the image
-   src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR );
+   // Read the image
+    String imageName("../data/building.jpg"); // by default
+    if (argc > 1)
+    {
+        imageName = argv[1];
+    }
+    src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR );
 
    if( src.empty() )
      { help();

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/Laplace_Demo.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace cv;
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   //![variables]
   Mat src, src_gray, dst;
@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@ int main( int, char** argv )
   //![variables]
 
   //![load]
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
+  String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+    imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
 
   if( src.empty() )
     { return -1; }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/Remap_Demo.cpp

@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@ void update_map( void );
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main(int argc, const char** argv)
 {
   /// Load the image
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR );
+  CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@image |../data/chicky_512.png|input image name}");
+  std::string filename = parser.get<std::string>(0);
+  src = imread( filename, IMREAD_COLOR );
 
   /// Create dst, map_x and map_y with the same size as src:
   dst.create( src.size(), src.type() );

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/Sobel_Demo.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace cv;
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   //![variables]
   Mat src, src_gray;
@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@ int main( int, char** argv )
   //![variables]
 
   //![load]
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
+  String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+      imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
 
   if( src.empty() )
     { return -1; }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp

@@ -21,10 +21,15 @@ RNG rng(12345);
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   //![load]
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
+  String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+      imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
 
   if( src.empty() )
     {

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/filter2D_demo.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace cv;
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main ( int, char** argv )
+int main ( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   /// Declare variables
   Mat src, dst;
@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ int main ( int, char** argv )
   const char* window_name = "filter2D Demo";
 
   //![load]
-  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
+  String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+    imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
 
   if( src.empty() )
     { return -1; }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/imageSegmentation.cpp

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 using namespace std;
 using namespace cv;
 
-int main(int, char** argv)
+int main()
 {
 //! [load_image]
     // Load the image
-    Mat src = imread(argv[1]);
+    Mat src = imread("../data/cards.png");
 
     // Check if everything was fine
     if (!src.data)

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ShapeDescriptors/findContours_demo.cpp

@@ -23,10 +23,16 @@ void thresh_callback(int, void* );
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main( int, char** argv )
+int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   /// Load source image
-  src = imread(argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR);
+  String imageName("../data/happyfish.jpg"); // by default
+  if (argc > 1)
+  {
+    imageName = argv[1];
+  }
+  src = imread(imageName, IMREAD_COLOR);
+
   if (src.empty())
   {
     cerr << "No image supplied ..." << endl;

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/calib3d/stereoBM/SBM_Sample.cpp

@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@ void readme();
  * @function main
  * @brief Main function
  */
-int main( int argc, char** argv )
+int main()
 {
-  if( argc != 3 )
-  { readme(); return -1; }
+  readme();
 
   //-- 1. Read the images
-  Mat imgLeft = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_GRAYSCALE );
-  Mat imgRight = imread( argv[2], IMREAD_GRAYSCALE );
+  Mat imgLeft = imread( "../data/rubberwhale1.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE );
+  Mat imgRight = imread( "../data/rubberwhale2.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE );
   //-- And create the image in which we will save our disparities
   Mat imgDisparity16S = Mat( imgLeft.rows, imgLeft.cols, CV_16S );
   Mat imgDisparity8U = Mat( imgLeft.rows, imgLeft.cols, CV_8UC1 );

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/features2D/AKAZE_match.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int main(void)
 
     Mat res;
     drawMatches(img1, inliers1, img2, inliers2, good_matches, res);
-    imwrite("res.png", res);
+    imwrite("akaze_result.png", res);
 
     double inlier_ratio = inliers1.size() * 1.0 / matched1.size();
     cout << "A-KAZE Matching Results" << endl;
@@ -75,5 +75,8 @@ int main(void)
     cout << "# Inliers Ratio:                      \t" << inlier_ratio << endl;
     cout << endl;
 
+    imshow("result", res);
+    waitKey();
+
     return 0;
 }

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/features2D/AKAZE_tracking/planar_tracking.cpp

@@ -120,27 +120,27 @@ Mat Tracker::process(const Mat frame, Stats& stats)
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    if(argc < 2) {
-        cerr << "Usage: " << endl
-             << "akaze_track input_path" << endl
-             << "  (input_path can be a camera id, like 0,1,2 or a video filename)" << endl;
-        return 1;
-    }
+    cerr << "Usage: " << endl
+         << "akaze_track input_path" << endl
+         << "  (input_path can be a camera id, like 0,1,2 or a video filename)" << endl;
 
-    std::string video_name = argv[1];
-    std::stringstream ssFormat;
-    ssFormat << atoi(argv[1]);
+    CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@input_path |0|input path can be a camera id, like 0,1,2 or a video filename}");
+    string input_path = parser.get<string>(0);
+    string video_name = input_path;
 
     VideoCapture video_in;
-    if (video_name.compare(ssFormat.str())==0) {    //test str==str(num)
-        video_in.open(atoi(argv[1]));
+
+    if ( ( isdigit(input_path[0]) && input_path.size() == 1 ) )
+    {
+    int camera_no = input_path[0] - '0';
+        video_in.open( camera_no );
     }
     else {
         video_in.open(video_name);
     }
 
     if(!video_in.isOpened()) {
-        cerr << "Couldn't open " << argv[1] << endl;
+        cerr << "Couldn't open " << video_name << endl;
         return 1;
     }
 

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ml/introduction_to_pca/introduction_to_pca.cpp

@@ -94,12 +94,16 @@ double getOrientation(const vector<Point> &pts, Mat &img)
 /**
  * @function main
  */
-int main(int, char** argv)
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
 //! [pre-process]
     // Load image
-//    Mat src = imread("pca_test1.jpg");
-    Mat src = imread(argv[1]);
+    String imageName("../data/pca_test1.jpg"); // by default
+    if (argc > 1)
+    {
+        imageName = argv[1];
+    }
+    Mat src = imread( imageName );
 
     // Check if image is loaded successfully
     if(!src.data || src.empty())

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/xfeatures2D/LATCH_match.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ int main(void)
 
     Mat res;
     drawMatches(img1, inliers1, img2, inliers2, good_matches, res);
-    imwrite("../../samples/data/latch_res.png", res);
+    imwrite("latch_result.png", res);
 
 
     double inlier_ratio = inliers1.size() * 1.0 / matched1.size();
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ int main(void)
     cout << "# Inliers:                            \t" << inliers1.size() << endl;
     cout << "# Inliers Ratio:                      \t" << inlier_ratio << endl;
     cout << endl;
+
+    imshow("result", res);
+    waitKey();
+
     return 0;
 }