Merge branch 'master' into merge-2.4

Conflicts:
	doc/tutorials/definitions/tocDefinitions.rst

doc/conf.py

@@ -416,5 +416,9 @@ extlinks = {
             'brute_force_matcher' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/features2d/doc/common_interfaces_of_descriptor_matchers.html?highlight=bruteforcematcher#bruteforcematcher%s', None ),
             'cascade_classifier' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/objdetect/doc/cascade_classification.html?highlight=cascadeclassifier#cascadeclassifier%s', None ),
             'cascade_classifier_load' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/objdetect/doc/cascade_classification.html?highlight=load#cascadeclassifier-load%s', None ),
-            'cascade_classifier_detect_multiscale' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/objdetect/doc/cascade_classification.html?highlight=detectmultiscale#cascadeclassifier-detectmultiscale%s', None )
+            'cascade_classifier_detect_multiscale' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/objdetect/doc/cascade_classification.html?highlight=detectmultiscale#cascadeclassifier-detectmultiscale%s', None ),
+            'background_subtractor' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/video/doc/motion_analysis_and_object_tracking.html?highlight=backgroundsubtractor#backgroundsubtractor%s', None),
+            'background_subtractor_mog' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/video/doc/motion_analysis_and_object_tracking.html?highlight=backgroundsubtractorMOG#backgroundsubtractormog%s', None),
+            'background_subtractor_mog_two' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/video/doc/motion_analysis_and_object_tracking.html?highlight=backgroundsubtractorMOG2#backgroundsubtractormog2%s', None),
+            'video_capture' : ('http://docs.opencv.org/modules/highgui/doc/reading_and_writing_images_and_video.html?highlight=videocapture#videocapture%s', None)
            }

doc/py_tutorials/py_video/py_bg_subtraction/py_bg_subtraction.rst

-.. _background_subtraction:
+.. _py_background_subtraction:
 
 
 Background Subtraction

doc/py_tutorials/py_video/py_table_of_contents_video/py_table_of_contents_video.rst

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Video Analysis
                  :width:  90pt
 
 
-*  :ref:`background_subtraction`
+*  :ref:`py_background_subtraction`
 
   .. tabularcolumns:: m{100pt} m{300pt}
   .. cssclass:: toctableopencv

doc/tutorials/definitions/tocDefinitions.rst

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@
 .. |Author_AndreyP| unicode:: Andrey U+0020 Pavlenko
 .. |Author_AlexS| unicode:: Alexander U+0020 Smorkalov
 .. |Author_BarisD| unicode:: Bar U+0131 U+015F U+0020 Evrim U+0020 Demir U+00F6 z
+.. |Author_DomenicoB| unicode:: Domenico U+0020 Daniele U+0020 Bloisi

doc/tutorials/video/table_of_content_video/table_of_content_video.rst

@@ -5,8 +5,32 @@
 
 Look here in order to find use on your video stream algoritms like: motion extraction, feature tracking and foreground extractions.
 
-.. include:: ../../definitions/noContent.rst
+.. include:: ../../definitions/tocDefinitions.rst
+
++
+  .. tabularcolumns:: m{100pt} m{300pt}
+  .. cssclass:: toctableopencv
+
+  =============== ======================================================
+   |BgSub|        **Title:** :ref:`Background_Subtraction`
+
+                  *Compatibility:* > OpenCV 2.4.6
+
+                  *Author:* |Author_DomenicoB|
+
+                  We will learn how to extract foreground masks from both videos and sequences of images and to show them.
+
+  =============== ======================================================
+
+  .. |BgSub| image:: images/Background_Subtraction_Tutorial_Cover.jpg
+                   :height: 90pt
+                   :width:  90pt
 
 .. raw:: latex
 
    \pagebreak
+
+.. toctree::
+   :hidden:
+
+   ../background_subtraction/background_subtraction

modules/highgui/src/window_gtk.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 
 #include "gtk/gtk.h"
 #include "gdk/gdkkeysyms.h"
+#include <gdk-pixbuf/gdk-pixbuf.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
@@ -88,14 +89,14 @@ GtkWidget*     cvImageWidgetNew      (int flags);
 void           cvImageWidgetSetImage(CvImageWidget * widget, const CvArr *arr);
 
 // standard GTK object macros
-#define CV_IMAGE_WIDGET(obj)          GTK_CHECK_CAST (obj, cvImageWidget_get_type (), CvImageWidget)
+#define CV_IMAGE_WIDGET(obj)          G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_CAST (obj, cvImageWidget_get_type (), CvImageWidget)
 #define CV_IMAGE_WIDGET_CLASS(klass)  GTK_CHECK_CLASS_CAST (klass, cvImageWidget_get_type (), CvImageWidgetClass)
-#define CV_IS_IMAGE_WIDGET(obj)       GTK_CHECK_TYPE (obj, cvImageWidget_get_type ())
+#define CV_IS_IMAGE_WIDGET(obj)       G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_TYPE (obj, cvImageWidget_get_type ())
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Private API ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-GtkType        cvImageWidget_get_type (void);
+GType        cvImageWidget_get_type (void);
 
 static GtkWidgetClass * parent_class = NULL;
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ cvImageWidgetNew (int flags)
 {
   CvImageWidget *image_widget;
 
-  image_widget = CV_IMAGE_WIDGET( gtk_type_new (cvImageWidget_get_type ()) );
+  image_widget = CV_IMAGE_WIDGET( gtk_widget_new (cvImageWidget_get_type (), NULL) );
   image_widget->original_image = 0;
   image_widget->scaled_image = 0;
   image_widget->flags = flags | CV_WINDOW_NO_IMAGE;
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ cvImageWidget_realize (GtkWidget *widget)
   g_return_if_fail (widget != NULL);
   g_return_if_fail (CV_IS_IMAGE_WIDGET (widget));
 
-  GTK_WIDGET_SET_FLAGS (widget, GTK_REALIZED);
+  gtk_widget_set_realized(widget, TRUE);
 
   attributes.x = widget->allocation.x;
   attributes.y = widget->allocation.y;
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ cvImageWidget_size_allocate (GtkWidget     *widget,
       cvResize( image_widget->original_image, image_widget->scaled_image, CV_INTER_AREA );
   }
 
-  if (GTK_WIDGET_REALIZED (widget))
+  if (gtk_widget_get_realized (widget))
     {
       image_widget = CV_IMAGE_WIDGET (widget);
 
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ static void cvImageWidget_class_init (CvImageWidgetClass * klass)
   object_class = (GtkObjectClass*) klass;
   widget_class = (GtkWidgetClass*) klass;
 
-  parent_class = GTK_WIDGET_CLASS( gtk_type_class (gtk_widget_get_type ()) );
+  parent_class = GTK_WIDGET_CLASS( g_type_class_peek (gtk_widget_get_type ()) );
 
   object_class->destroy = cvImageWidget_destroy;
 
@@ -341,24 +342,18 @@ cvImageWidget_init (CvImageWidget *image_widget)
     image_widget->flags=0;
 }
 
-GtkType cvImageWidget_get_type (void){
-  static GtkType image_type = 0;
+GType cvImageWidget_get_type (void){
+  static GType image_type = 0;
 
   if (!image_type)
     {
-      static const GtkTypeInfo image_info =
-      {
-        (gchar*)"CvImageWidget",
-        sizeof (CvImageWidget),
-        sizeof (CvImageWidgetClass),
-        (GtkClassInitFunc) cvImageWidget_class_init,
-        (GtkObjectInitFunc) cvImageWidget_init,
-        /* reserved_1 */ NULL,
-        /* reserved_1 */ NULL,
-        (GtkClassInitFunc) NULL
-      };
-
-      image_type = gtk_type_unique (GTK_TYPE_WIDGET, &image_info);
+      image_type = g_type_register_static_simple( GTK_TYPE_WIDGET,
+                           (gchar*) "CvImageWidget",
+                           sizeof(CvImageWidgetClass),
+                           (GClassInitFunc) cvImageWidget_class_init,
+                           sizeof(CvImageWidget),
+                           (GInstanceInitFunc) cvImageWidget_init,
+                           (GTypeFlags)NULL);
     }
 
   return image_type;
@@ -758,7 +753,9 @@ static gboolean cvImageWidget_expose(GtkWidget* widget, GdkEventExpose* event, g
     (void)data;
 #endif
 
-  CvImageWidget *image_widget;
+  CvImageWidget *image_widget = NULL;
+  cairo_t *cr = NULL;
+  GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = NULL;
 
   g_return_val_if_fail (widget != NULL, FALSE);
   g_return_val_if_fail (CV_IS_IMAGE_WIDGET (widget), FALSE);
@@ -767,29 +764,30 @@ static gboolean cvImageWidget_expose(GtkWidget* widget, GdkEventExpose* event, g
   if (event->count > 0)
     return FALSE;
 
+  cr = gdk_cairo_create(widget->window);
   image_widget = CV_IMAGE_WIDGET (widget);
 
-  gdk_window_clear_area (widget->window,
-                         0, 0,
-                         widget->allocation.width,
-                         widget->allocation.height);
   if( image_widget->scaled_image ){
       // center image in available region
       int x0 = (widget->allocation.width - image_widget->scaled_image->cols)/2;
       int y0 = (widget->allocation.height - image_widget->scaled_image->rows)/2;
 
-      gdk_draw_rgb_image( widget->window, widget->style->fg_gc[GTK_STATE_NORMAL],
-          x0, y0, MIN(image_widget->scaled_image->cols, widget->allocation.width),
+      pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_data(image_widget->scaled_image->data.ptr, GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB, false,
+          8, MIN(image_widget->scaled_image->cols, widget->allocation.width),
           MIN(image_widget->scaled_image->rows, widget->allocation.height),
-          GDK_RGB_DITHER_MAX, image_widget->scaled_image->data.ptr, image_widget->scaled_image->step );
+          image_widget->scaled_image->step, NULL, NULL);
+      gdk_cairo_set_source_pixbuf(cr, pixbuf, x0, y0);
   }
   else if( image_widget->original_image ){
-      gdk_draw_rgb_image( widget->window, widget->style->fg_gc[GTK_STATE_NORMAL],
-          0, 0,
-          MIN(image_widget->original_image->cols, widget->allocation.width),
+      pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_data(image_widget->original_image->data.ptr, GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB, false,
+          8, MIN(image_widget->original_image->cols, widget->allocation.width),
           MIN(image_widget->original_image->rows, widget->allocation.height),
-          GDK_RGB_DITHER_MAX, image_widget->original_image->data.ptr, image_widget->original_image->step );
+          image_widget->original_image->step, NULL, NULL);
+      gdk_cairo_set_source_pixbuf(cr, pixbuf, 0, 0);
   }
+
+  cairo_paint(cr);
+  cairo_destroy(cr);
   return TRUE;
 }
 
@@ -854,18 +852,18 @@ CV_IMPL int cvNamedWindow( const char* name, int flags )
     //
     // configure event handlers
     // TODO -- move this to CvImageWidget ?
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window->frame), "key-press-event",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(icvOnKeyPress), window );
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window->widget), "button-press-event",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(icvOnMouse), window );
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window->widget), "button-release-event",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(icvOnMouse), window );
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window->widget), "motion-notify-event",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(icvOnMouse), window );
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window->frame), "delete-event",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(icvOnClose), window );
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window->widget), "expose-event",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(cvImageWidget_expose), window );
+    g_signal_connect( window->frame, "key-press-event",
+                        G_CALLBACK(icvOnKeyPress), window );
+    g_signal_connect( window->widget, "button-press-event",
+                        G_CALLBACK(icvOnMouse), window );
+    g_signal_connect( window->widget, "button-release-event",
+                        G_CALLBACK(icvOnMouse), window );
+    g_signal_connect( window->widget, "motion-notify-event",
+                        G_CALLBACK(icvOnMouse), window );
+    g_signal_connect( window->frame, "delete-event",
+                        G_CALLBACK(icvOnClose), window );
+    g_signal_connect( window->widget, "expose-event",
+                        G_CALLBACK(cvImageWidget_expose), window );
 
     gtk_widget_add_events (window->widget, GDK_BUTTON_RELEASE_MASK | GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK | GDK_POINTER_MOTION_MASK) ;
 
@@ -1225,7 +1223,6 @@ icvCreateTrackbar( const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name,
         GtkWidget* hscale_box = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 10 );
         GtkWidget* hscale_label = gtk_label_new( trackbar_name );
         GtkWidget* hscale = gtk_hscale_new_with_range( 0, count, 1 );
-        gtk_range_set_update_policy( GTK_RANGE(hscale), GTK_UPDATE_CONTINUOUS );
         gtk_scale_set_digits( GTK_SCALE(hscale), 0 );
         //gtk_scale_set_value_pos( hscale, GTK_POS_TOP );
         gtk_scale_set_draw_value( GTK_SCALE(hscale), TRUE );
@@ -1256,8 +1253,8 @@ icvCreateTrackbar( const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name,
     trackbar->notify = on_notify;
     trackbar->notify2 = on_notify2;
     trackbar->userdata = userdata;
-    gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(trackbar->widget), "value-changed",
-                        GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(icvOnTrackbar), trackbar );
+    g_signal_connect( trackbar->widget, "value-changed",
+                        G_CALLBACK(icvOnTrackbar), trackbar );
 
     // queue a widget resize to trigger a window resize to
     // compensate for the addition of trackbars

modules/imgproc/doc/structural_analysis_and_shape_descriptors.rst

@@ -716,3 +716,32 @@ See below a sample output of the function where each image pixel is tested again
 .. [Suzuki85] Suzuki, S. and Abe, K., *Topological Structural Analysis of Digitized Binary Images by Border Following*. CVGIP 30 1, pp 32-46 (1985)
 
 .. [TehChin89] Teh, C.H. and Chin, R.T., *On the Detection of Dominant Points on Digital Curve*. PAMI 11 8, pp 859-872 (1989)
+
+
+
+rotatedRectangleIntersection
+-------------------------------
+Finds out if there is any intersection between two rotated rectangles. If there is then the vertices of the interesecting region are returned as well.
+
+.. ocv:function:: int rotatedRectangleIntersection( const RotatedRect& rect1, const RotatedRect& rect2, OutputArray intersectingRegion  )
+.. ocv:pyfunction:: cv2.rotatedRectangleIntersection( rect1, rect2 ) -> retval, intersectingRegion
+
+    :param rect1: First rectangle
+
+    :param rect2: Second rectangle
+
+    :param intersectingRegion: The output array of the verticies of the intersecting region. It returns at most 8 vertices. Stored as ``std::vector<cv::Point2f>`` or ``cv::Mat`` as Mx1 of type CV_32FC2.
+
+    :param pointCount: The number of vertices.
+
+The following values are returned by the function:
+
+    * INTERSECT_NONE=0 - No intersection
+
+    * INTERSECT_PARTIAL=1 - There is a partial intersection
+
+    * INTERSECT_FULL=2 - One of the rectangle is fully enclosed in the other
+
+Below are some examples of intersection configurations. The hatched pattern indicates the intersecting region and the red vertices are returned by the function.
+
+.. image:: pics/intersection.png

modules/imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp

@@ -462,7 +462,11 @@ enum { COLOR_BGR2BGRA     = 0,
        COLOR_COLORCVT_MAX  = 139
 };
 
-
+//! types of intersection between rectangles
+enum { INTERSECT_NONE = 0,
+       INTERSECT_PARTIAL  = 1,
+       INTERSECT_FULL  = 2
+     };
 
 /*!
  The Base Class for 1D or Row-wise Filters
@@ -1486,6 +1490,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void fitLine( InputArray points, OutputArray line, int distType,
 //! checks if the point is inside the contour. Optionally computes the signed distance from the point to the contour boundary
 CV_EXPORTS_W double pointPolygonTest( InputArray contour, Point2f pt, bool measureDist );
 
+//! computes whether two rotated rectangles intersect and returns the vertices of the intersecting region
+CV_EXPORTS_W int rotatedRectangleIntersection( const RotatedRect& rect1, const RotatedRect& rect2, OutputArray intersectingRegion  );
+
 CV_EXPORTS_W Ptr<CLAHE> createCLAHE(double clipLimit = 40.0, Size tileGridSize = Size(8, 8));
 
 //! Ballard, D.H. (1981). Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recognition 13 (2): 111-122.

modules/imgproc/src/intersection.cpp

+/*M///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLING OR USING.
+//
+//  By downloading, copying, installing or using the software you agree to this license.
+//  If you do not agree to this license, do not download, install,
+//  copy or use the software.
+//
+//
+//                           License Agreement
+//                For Open Source Computer Vision Library
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2000-2008, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved.
+// Copyright (C) 2008-2011, Willow Garage Inc., all rights reserved.
+// Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners.
+//
+// @Authors
+//      Nghia Ho, nghiaho12@yahoo.com
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+//   * Redistribution's of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+//   * Redistribution's in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+//     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+//   * The name of OpenCV Foundation may not be used to endorse or promote products
+//     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and
+// any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
+// warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
+// In no event shall the OpenCV Foundation or contributors be liable for any direct,
+// indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages
+// (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
+// loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused
+// and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability,
+// or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of
+// the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
+//
+//M*/
+#include "precomp.hpp"
+
+namespace cv
+{
+
+int rotatedRectangleIntersection( const RotatedRect& rect1, const RotatedRect& rect2, OutputArray intersectingRegion )
+{
+    const float samePointEps = 0.00001; // used to test if two points are the same
+
+    Point2f vec1[4], vec2[4];
+    Point2f pts1[4], pts2[4];
+
+    std::vector <Point2f> intersection;
+
+    rect1.points(pts1);
+    rect2.points(pts2);
+
+    int ret = INTERSECT_FULL;
+
+    // Specical case of rect1 == rect2
+    {
+        bool same = true;
+
+        for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+        {
+            if( fabs(pts1[i].x - pts2[i].x) > samePointEps || (fabs(pts1[i].y - pts2[i].y) > samePointEps) )
+            {
+                same = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(same)
+        {
+            intersection.resize(4);
+
+            for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+            {
+                intersection[i] = pts1[i];
+            }
+
+            Mat(intersection).copyTo(intersectingRegion);
+
+            return INTERSECT_FULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Line vector
+    // A line from p1 to p2 is: p1 + (p2-p1)*t, t=[0,1]
+    for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+    {
+        vec1[i].x = pts1[(i+1)%4].x - pts1[i].x;
+        vec1[i].y = pts1[(i+1)%4].y - pts1[i].y;
+
+        vec2[i].x = pts2[(i+1)%4].x - pts2[i].x;
+        vec2[i].y = pts2[(i+1)%4].y - pts2[i].y;
+    }
+
+    // Line test - test all line combos for intersection
+    for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+    {
+        for( int j = 0; j < 4; j++ )
+        {
+            // Solve for 2x2 Ax=b
+            float x21 = pts2[j].x - pts1[i].x;
+            float y21 = pts2[j].y - pts1[i].y;
+
+            float vx1 = vec1[i].x;
+            float vy1 = vec1[i].y;
+
+            float vx2 = vec2[j].x;
+            float vy2 = vec2[j].y;
+
+            float det = vx2*vy1 - vx1*vy2;
+
+            float t1 = (vx2*y21 - vy2*x21) / det;
+            float t2 = (vx1*y21 - vy1*x21) / det;
+
+            // This takes care of parallel lines
+            if( cvIsInf(t1) || cvIsInf(t2) || cvIsNaN(t1) || cvIsNaN(t2) )
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if( t1 >= 0.0f && t1 <= 1.0f && t2 >= 0.0f && t2 <= 1.0f )
+            {
+                float xi = pts1[i].x + vec1[i].x*t1;
+                float yi = pts1[i].y + vec1[i].y*t1;
+
+                intersection.push_back(Point2f(xi,yi));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if( !intersection.empty() )
+    {
+        ret = INTERSECT_PARTIAL;
+    }
+
+    // Check for vertices from rect1 inside recct2
+    for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+    {
+        // We do a sign test to see which side the point lies.
+        // If the point all lie on the same sign for all 4 sides of the rect,
+        // then there's an intersection
+        int posSign = 0;
+        int negSign = 0;
+
+        float x = pts1[i].x;
+        float y = pts1[i].y;
+
+        for( int j = 0; j < 4; j++ )
+        {
+            // line equation: Ax + By + C = 0
+            // see which side of the line this point is at
+            float A = -vec2[j].y;
+            float B = vec2[j].x;
+            float C = -(A*pts2[j].x + B*pts2[j].y);
+
+            float s = A*x+ B*y+ C;
+
+            if( s >= 0 )
+            {
+                posSign++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                negSign++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( posSign == 4 || negSign == 4 )
+        {
+            intersection.push_back(pts1[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Reverse the check - check for vertices from rect2 inside recct1
+    for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+    {
+        // We do a sign test to see which side the point lies.
+        // If the point all lie on the same sign for all 4 sides of the rect,
+        // then there's an intersection
+        int posSign = 0;
+        int negSign = 0;
+
+        float x = pts2[i].x;
+        float y = pts2[i].y;
+
+        for( int j = 0; j < 4; j++ )
+        {
+            // line equation: Ax + By + C = 0
+            // see which side of the line this point is at
+            float A = -vec1[j].y;
+            float B = vec1[j].x;
+            float C = -(A*pts1[j].x + B*pts1[j].y);
+
+            float s = A*x + B*y + C;
+
+            if( s >= 0 )
+            {
+                posSign++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                negSign++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( posSign == 4 || negSign == 4 )
+        {
+            intersection.push_back(pts2[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Get rid of dupes
+    for( int i = 0; i < (int)intersection.size()-1; i++ )
+    {
+        for( size_t j = i+1; j < intersection.size(); j++ )
+        {
+            float dx = intersection[i].x - intersection[j].x;
+            float dy = intersection[i].y - intersection[j].y;
+            double d2 = dx*dx + dy*dy; // can be a really small number, need double here
+
+            if( d2 < samePointEps*samePointEps )
+            {
+                // Found a dupe, remove it
+                std::swap(intersection[j], intersection.back());
+                intersection.pop_back();
+                i--; // restart check
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if( intersection.empty() )
+    {
+        return INTERSECT_NONE ;
+    }
+
+    // If this check fails then it means we're getting dupes, increase samePointEps
+    CV_Assert( intersection.size() <= 8 );
+
+    Mat(intersection).copyTo(intersectingRegion);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} // end namespace

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/video/bg_sub.cpp

+/**
+ * @file bg_sub.cpp
+ * @brief Background subtraction tutorial sample code
+ * @author Domenico D. Bloisi
+ */
+
+//opencv
+#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
+#include <opencv2/video/background_segm.hpp>
+//C
+#include <stdio.h>
+//C++
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace cv;
+using namespace std;
+
+// Global variables
+Mat frame; //current frame
+Mat fgMaskMOG; //fg mask generated by MOG method
+Mat fgMaskMOG2; //fg mask fg mask generated by MOG2 method
+Ptr<BackgroundSubtractor> pMOG; //MOG Background subtractor
+Ptr<BackgroundSubtractor> pMOG2; //MOG2 Background subtractor
+int keyboard; //input from keyboard
+
+/** Function Headers */
+void help();
+void processVideo(char* videoFilename);
+void processImages(char* firstFrameFilename);
+
+void help()
+{
+    cout
+    << "--------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl
+    << "This program shows how to use background subtraction methods provided by "  << endl
+    << " OpenCV. You can process both videos (-vid) and images (-img)."             << endl
+                                                                                    << endl
+    << "Usage:"                                                                     << endl
+    << "./bs {-vid <video filename>|-img <image filename>}"                         << endl
+    << "for example: ./bs -vid video.avi"                                           << endl
+    << "or: ./bs -img /data/images/1.png"                                           << endl
+    << "--------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl
+    << endl;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @function main
+ */
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    //print help information
+    help();
+
+    //check for the input parameter correctness
+    if(argc != 3) {
+        cerr <<"Incorret input list" << endl;
+        cerr <<"exiting..." << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    //create GUI windows
+    namedWindow("Frame");
+    namedWindow("FG Mask MOG");
+    namedWindow("FG Mask MOG 2");
+
+    //create Background Subtractor objects
+    pMOG = createBackgroundSubtractorMOG(); //MOG approach
+    pMOG2 = createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2(); //MOG2 approach
+
+    if(strcmp(argv[1], "-vid") == 0) {
+        //input data coming from a video
+        processVideo(argv[2]);
+    }
+    else if(strcmp(argv[1], "-img") == 0) {
+        //input data coming from a sequence of images
+        processImages(argv[2]);
+    }
+    else {
+        //error in reading input parameters
+        cerr <<"Please, check the input parameters." << endl;
+        cerr <<"Exiting..." << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    //destroy GUI windows
+    destroyAllWindows();
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @function processVideo
+ */
+void processVideo(char* videoFilename) {
+    //create the capture object
+    VideoCapture capture(videoFilename);
+    if(!capture.isOpened()){
+        //error in opening the video input
+        cerr << "Unable to open video file: " << videoFilename << endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    //read input data. ESC or 'q' for quitting
+    while( (char)keyboard != 'q' && (char)keyboard != 27 ){
+        //read the current frame
+        if(!capture.read(frame)) {
+            cerr << "Unable to read next frame." << endl;
+            cerr << "Exiting..." << endl;
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        //update the background model
+        pMOG->apply(frame, fgMaskMOG);
+        pMOG2->apply(frame, fgMaskMOG2);
+        //get the frame number and write it on the current frame
+        stringstream ss;
+        rectangle(frame, cv::Point(10, 2), cv::Point(100,20),
+                  cv::Scalar(255,255,255), -1);
+        ss << capture.get(CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES);
+        string frameNumberString = ss.str();
+        putText(frame, frameNumberString.c_str(), cv::Point(15, 15),
+                FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5 , cv::Scalar(0,0,0));
+        //show the current frame and the fg masks
+        imshow("Frame", frame);
+        imshow("FG Mask MOG", fgMaskMOG);
+        imshow("FG Mask MOG 2", fgMaskMOG2);
+        //get the input from the keyboard
+        keyboard = waitKey( 30 );
+    }
+    //delete capture object
+    capture.release();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @function processImages
+ */
+void processImages(char* fistFrameFilename) {
+    //read the first file of the sequence
+    frame = imread(fistFrameFilename);
+    if(!frame.data){
+        //error in opening the first image
+        cerr << "Unable to open first image frame: " << fistFrameFilename << endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    //current image filename
+    string fn(fistFrameFilename);
+    //read input data. ESC or 'q' for quitting
+    while( (char)keyboard != 'q' && (char)keyboard != 27 ){
+        //update the background model
+        pMOG->apply(frame, fgMaskMOG);
+        pMOG2->apply(frame, fgMaskMOG2);
+        //get the frame number and write it on the current frame
+        size_t index = fn.find_last_of("/");
+        if(index == string::npos) {
+            index = fn.find_last_of("\\");
+        }
+        size_t index2 = fn.find_last_of(".");
+        string prefix = fn.substr(0,index+1);
+        string suffix = fn.substr(index2);
+        string frameNumberString = fn.substr(index+1, index2-index-1);
+        istringstream iss(frameNumberString);
+        int frameNumber = 0;
+        iss >> frameNumber;
+        rectangle(frame, cv::Point(10, 2), cv::Point(100,20),
+                  cv::Scalar(255,255,255), -1);
+        putText(frame, frameNumberString.c_str(), cv::Point(15, 15),
+                FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5 , cv::Scalar(0,0,0));
+        //show the current frame and the fg masks
+        imshow("Frame", frame);
+        imshow("FG Mask MOG", fgMaskMOG);
+        imshow("FG Mask MOG 2", fgMaskMOG2);
+        //get the input from the keyboard
+        keyboard = waitKey( 30 );
+        //search for the next image in the sequence
+        ostringstream oss;
+        oss << (frameNumber + 1);
+        string nextFrameNumberString = oss.str();
+        string nextFrameFilename = prefix + nextFrameNumberString + suffix;
+        //read the next frame
+        frame = imread(nextFrameFilename);
+        if(!frame.data){
+            //error in opening the next image in the sequence
+            cerr << "Unable to open image frame: " << nextFrameFilename << endl;
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        //update the path of the current frame
+        fn.assign(nextFrameFilename);
+    }
+}