Merge pull request #12136 from sturkmen72:update_documentation

doc/tutorials/core/basic_linear_transform/basic_linear_transform.markdown

 Changing the contrast and brightness of an image! {#tutorial_basic_linear_transform}
 =================================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_adding_images}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_discrete_fourier_transform}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/discrete_fourier_transform/discrete_fourier_transform.markdown

 Discrete Fourier Transform {#tutorial_discrete_fourier_transform}
 ==========================
 
-@prev_tutorial{tutorial_random_generator_and_text}
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_basic_linear_transform}
 @next_tutorial{tutorial_file_input_output_with_xml_yml}
 
 Goal

doc/tutorials/core/file_input_output_with_xml_yml/file_input_output_with_xml_yml.markdown

 File Input and Output using XML and YAML files {#tutorial_file_input_output_with_xml_yml}
 ==============================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_discrete_fourier_transform}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_interoperability_with_OpenCV_1}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/how_to_scan_images/how_to_scan_images.markdown

 How to scan images, lookup tables and time measurement with OpenCV {#tutorial_how_to_scan_images}
 ==================================================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_mat_the_basic_image_container}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_mat_mask_operations}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/how_to_use_OpenCV_parallel_for_/how_to_use_OpenCV_parallel_for_.markdown

 How to use the OpenCV parallel_for_ to parallelize your code {#tutorial_how_to_use_OpenCV_parallel_for_}
 ==================================================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_how_to_use_ippa_conversion}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/how_to_use_ippa_conversion/how_to_use_ippa_conversion.markdown

 Intel® IPP Asynchronous C/C++ library in OpenCV {#tutorial_how_to_use_ippa_conversion}
 ===============================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_interoperability_with_OpenCV_1}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_how_to_use_OpenCV_parallel_for_}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/interoperability_with_OpenCV_1/interoperability_with_OpenCV_1.markdown

 Interoperability with OpenCV 1 {#tutorial_interoperability_with_OpenCV_1}
 ==============================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_file_input_output_with_xml_yml}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_how_to_use_ippa_conversion}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/mat_operations.markdown

 Operations with images {#tutorial_mat_operations}
 ======================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_mat_mask_operations}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_adding_images}
+
 Input/Output
 ------------
 

doc/tutorials/core/mat_the_basic_image_container/mat_the_basic_image_container.markdown

 Mat - The Basic Image Container {#tutorial_mat_the_basic_image_container}
 ===============================
 
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_how_to_scan_images}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/table_of_content_core.markdown

@@ -62,24 +62,6 @@ understanding how to manipulate the images on a pixel level.
 
     We will learn how to change our image appearance!
 
--   @subpage tutorial_basic_geometric_drawing
-
-    *Languages:* C++, Java, Python
-
-    *Compatibility:* \> OpenCV 2.0
-
-    *Author:* Ana Huamán
-
-    We will learn how to draw simple geometry with OpenCV!
-
--   @subpage tutorial_random_generator_and_text
-
-    *Compatibility:* \> OpenCV 2.0
-
-    *Author:* Ana Huamán
-
-    We will draw some *fancy-looking* stuff using OpenCV!
-
 -   @subpage tutorial_discrete_fourier_transform
 
     *Languages:* C++, Java, Python

doc/tutorials/core/basic_geometric_drawing/basic_geometric_drawing.markdown → doc/tutorials/imgproc/basic_geometric_drawing/basic_geometric_drawing.markdown

 Basic Drawing {#tutorial_basic_geometric_drawing}
 =============
 
-@prev_tutorial{tutorial_basic_linear_transform}
 @next_tutorial{tutorial_random_generator_and_text}
 
 Goals
@@ -82,20 +81,20 @@ Code
 
 @add_toggle_cpp
 -   This code is in your OpenCV sample folder. Otherwise you can grab it from
-    [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/3.4/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp)
-    @include samples/cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp
+    [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/3.4/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp)
+    @include samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
 -   This code is in your OpenCV sample folder. Otherwise you can grab it from
-    [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/3.4/samples/java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java)
-    @include samples/java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java
+    [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/3.4/samples/java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java)
+    @include samples/java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
 -   This code is in your OpenCV sample folder. Otherwise you can grab it from
-    [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/3.4/samples/python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py)
-    @include samples/python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py
+    [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/3.4/samples/python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py)
+    @include samples/python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py
 @end_toggle
 
 Explanation
@@ -104,42 +103,42 @@ Explanation
 Since we plan to draw two examples (an atom and a rook), we have to create two images and two
 windows to display them.
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp create_images
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp create_images
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java create_images
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java create_images
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py create_images
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py create_images
 @end_toggle
 
 We created functions to draw different geometric shapes. For instance, to draw the atom we used
 **MyEllipse** and **MyFilledCircle**:
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp draw_atom
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp draw_atom
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java draw_atom
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java draw_atom
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py draw_atom
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py draw_atom
 @end_toggle
 
 And to draw the rook we employed **MyLine**, **rectangle** and a **MyPolygon**:
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp draw_rook
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp draw_rook
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java draw_rook
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java draw_rook
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py draw_rook
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py draw_rook
 @end_toggle
 
 
@@ -149,15 +148,15 @@ Let's check what is inside each of these functions:
 
 <H4>MyLine</H4>
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp my_line
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp my_line
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_line
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_line
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_line
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_line
 @end_toggle
 
 -   As we can see, **MyLine** just call the function **line()** , which does the following:
@@ -170,15 +169,15 @@ Let's check what is inside each of these functions:
 
 <H4>MyEllipse</H4>
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp my_ellipse
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp my_ellipse
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_ellipse
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_ellipse
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_ellipse
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_ellipse
 @end_toggle
 
 -   From the code above, we can observe that the function **ellipse()** draws an ellipse such
@@ -194,15 +193,15 @@ Let's check what is inside each of these functions:
 
 <H4>MyFilledCircle</H4>
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp my_filled_circle
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp my_filled_circle
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_filled_circle
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_filled_circle
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_filled_circle
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_filled_circle
 @end_toggle
 
 -   Similar to the ellipse function, we can observe that *circle* receives as arguments:
@@ -215,15 +214,15 @@ Let's check what is inside each of these functions:
 
 <H4>MyPolygon</H4>
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp my_polygon
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp my_polygon
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_polygon
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java my_polygon
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_polygon
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py my_polygon
 @end_toggle
 
 -   To draw a filled polygon we use the function **fillPoly()** . We note that:
@@ -235,15 +234,15 @@ Let's check what is inside each of these functions:
 
 <H4>rectangle</H4>
 @add_toggle_cpp
-@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/core/Matrix/Drawing_1.cpp rectangle
+@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp rectangle
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_java
-@snippet java/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java rectangle
+@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/BasicGeometricDrawing.java rectangle
 @end_toggle
 
 @add_toggle_python
-@snippet python/tutorial_code/core/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py rectangle
+@snippet python/tutorial_code/imgProc/BasicGeometricDrawing/basic_geometric_drawing.py rectangle
 @end_toggle
 
 -   Finally we have the @ref cv::rectangle function (we did not create a special function for

doc/tutorials/imgproc/erosion_dilatation/erosion_dilatation.markdown

 Eroding and Dilating {#tutorial_erosion_dilatation}
 ====================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_opening_closing_hats}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter/gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter.markdown

 Smoothing Images {#tutorial_gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter}
 ================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_random_generator_and_text}
 @next_tutorial{tutorial_erosion_dilatation}
 
 Goal

doc/tutorials/imgproc/histograms/back_projection/back_projection.markdown

 Back Projection {#tutorial_back_projection}
 ===============
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_histogram_comparison}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_template_matching}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/histograms/histogram_calculation/histogram_calculation.markdown

 Histogram Calculation {#tutorial_histogram_calculation}
 =====================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_histogram_equalization}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_histogram_comparison}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/histograms/histogram_comparison/histogram_comparison.markdown

 Histogram Comparison {#tutorial_histogram_comparison}
 ====================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_histogram_calculation}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_back_projection}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/histograms/histogram_equalization/histogram_equalization.markdown

 Histogram Equalization {#tutorial_histogram_equalization}
 ======================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_warp_affine}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_histogram_calculation}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/canny_detector/canny_detector.markdown

 Canny Edge Detector {#tutorial_canny_detector}
 ===================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_laplace_operator}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_hough_lines}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/distance_transformation/distance_transform.markdown

 Image Segmentation with Distance Transform and Watershed Algorithm {#tutorial_distance_transform}
 =============
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_point_polygon_test}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_out_of_focus_deblur_filter}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/remap/remap.markdown

 Remapping {#tutorial_remap}
 =========
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_hough_circle}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_warp_affine}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/warp_affine/warp_affine.markdown

 Affine Transformations {#tutorial_warp_affine}
 ======================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_remap}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_histogram_equalization}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/opening_closing_hats/opening_closing_hats.markdown

 More Morphology Transformations {#tutorial_opening_closing_hats}
 ===============================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_erosion_dilatation}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_hitOrMiss}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/out_of_focus_deblur_filter/out_of_focus_deblur_filter.markdown

 Out-of-focus Deblur Filter {#tutorial_out_of_focus_deblur_filter}
 ==========================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_distance_transform}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/core/random_generator_and_text/random_generator_and_text.markdown → doc/tutorials/imgproc/random_generator_and_text/random_generator_and_text.markdown

 Random generator and text with OpenCV {#tutorial_random_generator_and_text}
 =====================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_basic_geometric_drawing}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter}
+
 Goals
 -----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/bounding_rects_circles/bounding_rects_circles.markdown

 Creating Bounding boxes and circles for contours {#tutorial_bounding_rects_circles}
 ================================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_hull}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_bounding_rotated_ellipses}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/bounding_rotated_ellipses/bounding_rotated_ellipses.markdown

 Creating Bounding rotated boxes and ellipses for contours {#tutorial_bounding_rotated_ellipses}
 =========================================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_bounding_rects_circles}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_moments}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/find_contours/find_contours.markdown

 Finding contours in your image {#tutorial_find_contours}
 ==============================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_template_matching}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_hull}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/hull/hull.markdown

 Convex Hull {#tutorial_hull}
 ===========
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_find_contours}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_bounding_rects_circles}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/moments/moments.markdown

 Image Moments {#tutorial_moments}
 =============
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_bounding_rotated_ellipses}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_point_polygon_test}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/point_polygon_test/point_polygon_test.markdown

 Point Polygon Test {#tutorial_point_polygon_test}
 ==================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_moments}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_distance_transform}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/table_of_content_imgproc.markdown

@@ -3,6 +3,24 @@ Image Processing (imgproc module) {#tutorial_table_of_content_imgproc}
 
 In this section you will learn about the image processing (manipulation) functions inside OpenCV.
 
+-   @subpage tutorial_basic_geometric_drawing
+
+    *Languages:* C++, Java, Python
+
+    *Compatibility:* \> OpenCV 2.0
+
+    *Author:* Ana Huamán
+
+    We will learn how to draw simple geometry with OpenCV!
+
+-   @subpage tutorial_random_generator_and_text
+
+    *Compatibility:* \> OpenCV 2.0
+
+    *Author:* Ana Huamán
+
+    We will draw some *fancy-looking* stuff using OpenCV!
+
 -   @subpage tutorial_gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter
 
     *Languages:* C++, Java, Python

doc/tutorials/imgproc/threshold/threshold.markdown

 Basic Thresholding Operations {#tutorial_threshold}
 =============================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_pyramids}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_threshold_inRange}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/imgproc/threshold_inRange/threshold_inRange.markdown

 Thresholding Operations using inRange {#tutorial_threshold_inRange}
 =====================================
 
+@prev_tutorial{tutorial_threshold}
+@next_tutorial{tutorial_filter_2d}
+
 Goal
 ----
 

doc/tutorials/stitching/stitcher/stitcher.markdown

@@ -24,17 +24,7 @@ Explanation
 
 The most important code part is:
 
-@code{.cpp}
-Mat pano;
-Ptr<Stitcher> stitcher = Stitcher::create(mode, try_use_gpu);
-Stitcher::Status status = stitcher->stitch(imgs, pano);
-
-if (status != Stitcher::OK)
-{
-    cout << "Can't stitch images, error code = " << int(status) << endl;
-    return -1;
-}
-@endcode
+@snippet cpp/stitching.cpp stitching
 
 A new instance of stitcher is created and the @ref cv::Stitcher::stitch will
 do all the hard work.

modules/calib3d/include/opencv2/calib3d.hpp

@@ -307,11 +307,11 @@ optimization procedures like calibrateCamera, stereoCalibrate, or solvePnP .
  */
 CV_EXPORTS_W void Rodrigues( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, OutputArray jacobian = noArray() );
 
-/** @example pose_from_homography.cpp
-  An example program about pose estimation from coplanar points
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/features2D/Homography/pose_from_homography.cpp
+An example program about pose estimation from coplanar points
 
-  Check @ref tutorial_homography "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
- */
+Check @ref tutorial_homography "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
 
 /** @brief Finds a perspective transformation between two planes.
 
@@ -526,11 +526,11 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void projectPoints( InputArray objectPoints,
                                  OutputArray jacobian = noArray(),
                                  double aspectRatio = 0 );
 
-/** @example homography_from_camera_displacement.cpp
-  An example program about homography from the camera displacement
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/features2D/Homography/homography_from_camera_displacement.cpp
+An example program about homography from the camera displacement
 
-  Check @ref tutorial_homography "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
- */
+Check @ref tutorial_homography "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
 
 /** @brief Finds an object pose from 3D-2D point correspondences.
 
@@ -1966,11 +1966,11 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W cv::Mat estimateAffinePartial2D(InputArray from, InputArray to, Out
                                   size_t maxIters = 2000, double confidence = 0.99,
                                   size_t refineIters = 10);
 
-/** @example decompose_homography.cpp
-  An example program with homography decomposition.
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/features2D/Homography/decompose_homography.cpp
+An example program with homography decomposition.
 
-  Check @ref tutorial_homography "the corresponding tutorial" for more details.
- */
+Check @ref tutorial_homography "the corresponding tutorial" for more details.
+*/
 
 /** @brief Decompose a homography matrix to rotation(s), translation(s) and plane normal(s).
 

modules/core/include/opencv2/core.hpp

@@ -273,9 +273,11 @@ of p and len.
 */
 CV_EXPORTS_W int borderInterpolate(int p, int len, int borderType);
 
-/** @example copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp
-An example using copyMakeBorder function
- */
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp
+An example using copyMakeBorder function.
+Check @ref tutorial_copyMakeBorder "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
+
 /** @brief Forms a border around an image.
 
 The function copies the source image into the middle of the destination image. The areas to the
@@ -474,9 +476,10 @@ The function can also be emulated with a matrix expression, for example:
 */
 CV_EXPORTS_W void scaleAdd(InputArray src1, double alpha, InputArray src2, OutputArray dst);
 
-/** @example AddingImagesTrackbar.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/HighGUI/AddingImagesTrackbar.cpp
+Check @ref tutorial_trackbar "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
 
- */
 /** @brief Calculates the weighted sum of two arrays.
 
 The function addWeighted calculates the weighted sum of two arrays as follows:
@@ -2527,14 +2530,18 @@ public:
     Mat mean; //!< mean value subtracted before the projection and added after the back projection
 };
 
-/** @example pca.cpp
-  An example using %PCA for dimensionality reduction while maintaining an amount of variance
- */
+/** @example samples/cpp/pca.cpp
+An example using %PCA for dimensionality reduction while maintaining an amount of variance
+*/
+
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ml/introduction_to_pca/introduction_to_pca.cpp
+Check @ref tutorial_introduction_to_pca "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
 
 /**
-   @brief Linear Discriminant Analysis
-   @todo document this class
- */
+@brief Linear Discriminant Analysis
+@todo document this class
+*/
 class CV_EXPORTS LDA
 {
 public:
@@ -2912,7 +2919,7 @@ public:
 
 Inspired by http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/MT2002/CODES/mt19937ar.c
 @todo document
- */
+*/
 class CV_EXPORTS RNG_MT19937
 {
 public:
@@ -2930,17 +2937,11 @@ public:
     unsigned operator ()(unsigned N);
     unsigned operator ()();
 
-    /** @brief returns uniformly distributed integer random number from [a,b) range
-
-*/
+    /** @brief returns uniformly distributed integer random number from [a,b) range*/
     int uniform(int a, int b);
-    /** @brief returns uniformly distributed floating-point random number from [a,b) range
-
-*/
+    /** @brief returns uniformly distributed floating-point random number from [a,b) range*/
     float uniform(float a, float b);
-    /** @brief returns uniformly distributed double-precision floating-point random number from [a,b) range
-
-*/
+    /** @brief returns uniformly distributed double-precision floating-point random number from [a,b) range*/
     double uniform(double a, double b);
 
 private:
@@ -2954,8 +2955,8 @@ private:
 //! @addtogroup core_cluster
 //!  @{
 
-/** @example kmeans.cpp
-  An example on K-means clustering
+/** @example samples/cpp/kmeans.cpp
+An example on K-means clustering
 */
 
 /** @brief Finds centers of clusters and groups input samples around the clusters.
@@ -3067,7 +3068,7 @@ etc.).
 
 Here is example of SimpleBlobDetector use in your application via Algorithm interface:
 @snippet snippets/core_various.cpp Algorithm
- */
+*/
 class CV_EXPORTS_W Algorithm
 {
 public:

modules/core/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp

@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ protected:
     MatStep& operator = (const MatStep&);
 };
 
-/** @example cout_mat.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/cout_mat.cpp
 An example demonstrating the serial out capabilities of cv::Mat
 */
 

modules/core/include/opencv2/core/persistence.hpp

@@ -287,12 +287,12 @@ element is a structure of 2 integers, followed by a single-precision floating-po
 equivalent notations of the above specification are `iif`, `2i1f` and so forth. Other examples: `u`
 means that the array consists of bytes, and `2d` means the array consists of pairs of doubles.
 
-@see @ref filestorage.cpp
+@see @ref samples/cpp/filestorage.cpp
 */
 
 //! @{
 
-/** @example filestorage.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/filestorage.cpp
 A complete example using the FileStorage interface
 */
 

modules/dnn/include/opencv2/dnn.hpp

@@ -59,6 +59,20 @@
     A network training is in principle not supported.
   @}
 */
+/** @example samples/dnn/classification.cpp
+Check @ref tutorial_dnn_googlenet "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
+/** @example samples/dnn/colorization.cpp
+*/
+/** @example samples/dnn/object_detection.cpp
+Check @ref tutorial_dnn_yolo "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
+/** @example samples/dnn/openpose.cpp
+*/
+/** @example samples/dnn/segmentation.cpp
+*/
+/** @example samples/dnn/text_detection.cpp
+*/
 #include <opencv2/dnn/dnn.hpp>
 
 #endif /* OPENCV_DNN_HPP */

modules/highgui/include/opencv2/highgui.hpp

@@ -452,12 +452,13 @@ The function getWindowImageRect returns the client screen coordinates, width and
  */
 CV_EXPORTS_W Rect getWindowImageRect(const String& winname);
 
+/** @example samples/cpp/create_mask.cpp
+This program demonstrates using mouse events and how to make and use a mask image (black and white) .
+*/
 /** @brief Sets mouse handler for the specified window
 
 @param winname Name of the window.
-@param onMouse Mouse callback. See OpenCV samples, such as
-<https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/3.4/samples/cpp/ffilldemo.cpp>, on how to specify and
-use the callback.
+@param onMouse Callback function for mouse events. See OpenCV samples on how to specify and use the callback.
 @param userdata The optional parameter passed to the callback.
  */
 CV_EXPORTS void setMouseCallback(const String& winname, MouseCallback onMouse, void* userdata = 0);

modules/imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp

@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ protected:
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_feature
 //! @{
 
-/** @example lsd_lines.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/lsd_lines.cpp
 An example using the LineSegmentDetector
 \image html building_lsd.png "Sample output image" width=434 height=300
 */
@@ -1349,11 +1349,12 @@ operation is shifted.
  */
 CV_EXPORTS_W Mat getStructuringElement(int shape, Size ksize, Point anchor = Point(-1,-1));
 
-/** @example Smoothing.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Smoothing/Smoothing.cpp
 Sample code for simple filters
 ![Sample screenshot](Smoothing_Tutorial_Result_Median_Filter.jpg)
 Check @ref tutorial_gausian_median_blur_bilateral_filter "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
  */
+
 /** @brief Blurs an image using the median filter.
 
 The function smoothes an image using the median filter with the \f$\texttt{ksize} \times
@@ -1556,11 +1557,12 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void sepFilter2D( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int ddepth,
                                Point anchor = Point(-1,-1),
                                double delta = 0, int borderType = BORDER_DEFAULT );
 
-/** @example Sobel_Demo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/Sobel_Demo.cpp
 Sample code using Sobel and/or Scharr OpenCV functions to make a simple Edge Detector
 ![Sample screenshot](Sobel_Derivatives_Tutorial_Result.jpg)
 Check @ref tutorial_sobel_derivatives "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Calculates the first, second, third, or mixed image derivatives using an extended Sobel operator.
 
 In all cases except one, the \f$\texttt{ksize} \times \texttt{ksize}\f$ separable kernel is used to
@@ -1656,8 +1658,8 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void Scharr( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int ddepth,
                           int dx, int dy, double scale = 1, double delta = 0,
                           int borderType = BORDER_DEFAULT );
 
-/** @example laplace.cpp
-  An example using Laplace transformations for edge detection
+/** @example samples/cpp/laplace.cpp
+An example using Laplace transformations for edge detection
 */
 
 /** @brief Calculates the Laplacian of an image.
@@ -1692,10 +1694,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void Laplacian( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int ddepth,
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_feature
 //! @{
 
-/** @example edge.cpp
-  This program demonstrates usage of the Canny edge detector
+/** @example samples/cpp/edge.cpp
+This program demonstrates usage of the Canny edge detector
 
-  Check @ref tutorial_canny_detector "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+Check @ref tutorial_canny_detector "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
 */
 
 /** @brief Finds edges in an image using the Canny algorithm @cite Canny86 .
@@ -1932,7 +1934,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void goodFeaturesToTrack( InputArray image, OutputArray corners,
                                      InputArray mask, int blockSize,
                                      int gradientSize, bool useHarrisDetector = false,
                                      double k = 0.04 );
-/** @example houghlines.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/houghlines.cpp
 An example using the Hough line detector
 ![Sample input image](Hough_Lines_Tutorial_Original_Image.jpg) ![Output image](Hough_Lines_Tutorial_Result.jpg)
 */
@@ -2021,7 +2023,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void HoughLinesPointSet( InputArray _point, OutputArray _lines, int
                                       double min_rho, double max_rho, double rho_step,
                                       double min_theta, double max_theta, double theta_step );
 
-/** @example houghcircles.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/houghcircles.cpp
 An example using the Hough circle detector
 */
 
@@ -2069,7 +2071,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void HoughCircles( InputArray image, OutputArray circles,
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_filter
 //! @{
 
-/** @example morphology2.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Morphology_2.cpp
 Advanced morphology Transformations sample code
 ![Sample screenshot](Morphology_2_Tutorial_Result.jpg)
 Check @ref tutorial_opening_closing_hats "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
@@ -2102,11 +2104,12 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void erode( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, InputArray kernel,
                          int borderType = BORDER_CONSTANT,
                          const Scalar& borderValue = morphologyDefaultBorderValue() );
 
-/** @example Morphology_1.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Morphology_1.cpp
 Erosion and Dilation sample code
 ![Sample Screenshot-Erosion](Morphology_1_Tutorial_Erosion_Result.jpg)![Sample Screenshot-Dilation](Morphology_1_Tutorial_Dilation_Result.jpg)
 Check @ref tutorial_erosion_dilatation "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Dilates an image by using a specific structuring element.
 
 The function dilates the source image using the specified structuring element that determines the
@@ -2236,9 +2239,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void warpAffine( InputArray src, OutputArray dst,
                               int borderMode = BORDER_CONSTANT,
                               const Scalar& borderValue = Scalar());
 
-/** @example warpPerspective_demo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/warpPerspective_demo.cpp
 An example program shows using cv::findHomography and cv::warpPerspective for image warping
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Applies a perspective transformation to an image.
 
 The function warpPerspective transforms the source image using the specified matrix:
@@ -2434,7 +2438,7 @@ source image. The center must be inside the image.
 CV_EXPORTS_W void getRectSubPix( InputArray image, Size patchSize,
                                  Point2f center, OutputArray patch, int patchType = -1 );
 
-/** @example polar_transforms.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/polar_transforms.cpp
 An example using the cv::linearPolar and cv::logPolar operations
 */
 
@@ -2869,9 +2873,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void adaptiveThreshold( InputArray src, OutputArray dst,
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_filter
 //! @{
 
-/** @example Pyramids.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Pyramids/Pyramids.cpp
 An example using pyrDown and pyrUp functions
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Blurs an image and downsamples it.
 
 By default, size of the output image is computed as `Size((src.cols+1)/2, (src.rows+1)/2)`, but in
@@ -3120,7 +3125,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_AS(undistortPointsIter) void undistortPoints( InputArray src, OutputA
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_hist
 //! @{
 
-/** @example demhist.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/demhist.cpp
 An example for creating histograms of an image
 */
 
@@ -3317,9 +3322,9 @@ CV_EXPORTS_AS(EMD) float wrapperEMD( InputArray signature1, InputArray signature
 
 //! @} imgproc_hist
 
-/** @example watershed.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/watershed.cpp
 An example using the watershed algorithm
- */
+*/
 
 /** @brief Performs a marker-based image segmentation using the watershed algorithm.
 
@@ -3397,10 +3402,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void pyrMeanShiftFiltering( InputArray src, OutputArray dst,
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_misc
 //! @{
 
-/** @example grabcut.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/grabcut.cpp
 An example using the GrabCut algorithm
 ![Sample Screenshot](grabcut_output1.jpg)
- */
+*/
 
 /** @brief Runs the GrabCut algorithm.
 
@@ -3424,11 +3429,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void grabCut( InputArray img, InputOutputArray mask, Rect rect,
                            InputOutputArray bgdModel, InputOutputArray fgdModel,
                            int iterCount, int mode = GC_EVAL );
 
-/** @example distrans.cpp
-An example on using the distance transform\
+/** @example samples/cpp/distrans.cpp
+An example on using the distance transform
 */
 
-
 /** @brief Calculates the distance to the closest zero pixel for each pixel of the source image.
 
 The function cv::distanceTransform calculates the approximate or precise distance from every binary
@@ -3500,8 +3504,8 @@ the first variant of the function and distanceType == #DIST_L1.
 CV_EXPORTS_W void distanceTransform( InputArray src, OutputArray dst,
                                      int distanceType, int maskSize, int dstType=CV_32F);
 
-/** @example ffilldemo.cpp
-  An example using the FloodFill technique
+/** @example samples/cpp/ffilldemo.cpp
+An example using the FloodFill technique
 */
 
 /** @overload
@@ -3701,9 +3705,10 @@ enum TemplateMatchModes {
     TM_CCOEFF_NORMED = 5  //!< \f[R(x,y)= \frac{ \sum_{x',y'} (T'(x',y') \cdot I'(x+x',y+y')) }{ \sqrt{\sum_{x',y'}T'(x',y')^2 \cdot \sum_{x',y'} I'(x+x',y+y')^2} }\f]
 };
 
-/** @example MatchTemplate_Demo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/Histograms_Matching/MatchTemplate_Demo.cpp
 An example using Template Matching algorithm
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Compares a template against overlapped image regions.
 
 The function slides through image , compares the overlapped patches of size \f$w \times h\f$ against
@@ -3735,6 +3740,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void matchTemplate( InputArray image, InputArray templ,
 //! @addtogroup imgproc_shape
 //! @{
 
+/** @example samples/cpp/connected_components.cpp
+This program demonstrates connected components and use of the trackbar
+*/
+
 /** @brief computes the connected components labeled image of boolean image
 
 image with 4 or 8 way connectivity - returns N, the total number of labels [0, N-1] where 0
@@ -3842,6 +3851,16 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void findContours( InputOutputArray image, OutputArrayOfArrays cont
 CV_EXPORTS void findContours( InputOutputArray image, OutputArrayOfArrays contours,
                               int mode, int method, Point offset = Point());
 
+/** @example samples/cpp/squares.cpp
+A program using pyramid scaling, Canny, contours and contour simplification to find
+squares in a list of images (pic1-6.png). Returns sequence of squares detected on the image.
+*/
+
+/** @example samples/tapi/squares.cpp
+A program using pyramid scaling, Canny, contours and contour simplification to find
+squares in the input image.
+*/
+
 /** @brief Approximates a polygonal curve(s) with the specified precision.
 
 The function cv::approxPolyDP approximates a curve or a polygon with another curve/polygon with less
@@ -3940,8 +3959,8 @@ The function finds the minimal enclosing circle of a 2D point set using an itera
 CV_EXPORTS_W void minEnclosingCircle( InputArray points,
                                       CV_OUT Point2f& center, CV_OUT float& radius );
 
-/** @example minarea.cpp
-  */
+/** @example samples/cpp/minarea.cpp
+*/
 
 /** @brief Finds a triangle of minimum area enclosing a 2D point set and returns its area.
 
@@ -3976,7 +3995,7 @@ The function compares two shapes. All three implemented methods use the Hu invar
 CV_EXPORTS_W double matchShapes( InputArray contour1, InputArray contour2,
                                  int method, double parameter );
 
-/** @example convexhull.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/convexhull.cpp
 An example using the convexHull functionality
 */
 
@@ -4036,8 +4055,8 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W bool isContourConvex( InputArray contour );
 CV_EXPORTS_W float intersectConvexConvex( InputArray _p1, InputArray _p2,
                                           OutputArray _p12, bool handleNested = true );
 
-/** @example fitellipse.cpp
-  An example using the fitEllipse technique
+/** @example samples/cpp/fitellipse.cpp
+An example using the fitEllipse technique
 */
 
 /** @brief Fits an ellipse around a set of 2D points.
@@ -4253,9 +4272,10 @@ enum ColormapTypes
     COLORMAP_PARULA = 12 //!< ![parula](pics/colormaps/colorscale_parula.jpg)
 };
 
-/** @example falsecolor.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/falsecolor.cpp
 An example using applyColorMap function
 */
+
 /** @brief Applies a GNU Octave/MATLAB equivalent colormap on a given image.
 
 @param src The source image, grayscale or colored of type CV_8UC1 or CV_8UC3.
@@ -4342,9 +4362,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS void rectangle(CV_IN_OUT Mat& img, Rect rec,
                           const Scalar& color, int thickness = 1,
                           int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0);
 
-/** @example Drawing_2.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_2.cpp
 An example using drawing functions
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Draws a circle.
 
 The function cv::circle draws a simple or filled circle with a given center and radius.
@@ -4468,9 +4489,11 @@ CV_EXPORTS void fillPoly(Mat& img, const Point** pts,
                          const Scalar& color, int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0,
                          Point offset = Point() );
 
-/** @example Drawing_1.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/basic_drawing/Drawing_1.cpp
 An example using drawing functions
- */
+Check @ref tutorial_random_generator_and_text "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
+
 /** @brief Fills the area bounded by one or more polygons.
 
 The function cv::fillPoly fills an area bounded by several polygonal contours. The function can fill
@@ -4510,14 +4533,14 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void polylines(InputOutputArray img, InputArrayOfArrays pts,
                             bool isClosed, const Scalar& color,
                             int thickness = 1, int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0 );
 
-/** @example contours2.cpp
-  An example program illustrates the use of cv::findContours and cv::drawContours
-  \image html WindowsQtContoursOutput.png "Screenshot of the program"
+/** @example samples/cpp/contours2.cpp
+An example program illustrates the use of cv::findContours and cv::drawContours
+\image html WindowsQtContoursOutput.png "Screenshot of the program"
 */
 
-/** @example segment_objects.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/segment_objects.cpp
 An example using drawContours to clean up a background segmentation result
- */
+*/
 
 /** @brief Draws contours outlines or filled contours.
 

modules/objdetect/include/opencv2/objdetect.hpp

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public:
     virtual Ptr<MaskGenerator> getMaskGenerator() = 0;
 };
 
-/** @example facedetect.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/facedetect.cpp
 This program demonstrates usage of the Cascade classifier class
 \image html Cascade_Classifier_Tutorial_Result_Haar.jpg "Sample screenshot" width=321 height=254
 */
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ public:
     */
     CV_WRAP double getWinSigma() const;
 
-    /**@example peopledetect.cpp
+    /**@example samples/cpp/peopledetect.cpp
     */
     /**@brief Sets coefficients for the linear SVM classifier.
     @param _svmdetector coefficients for the linear SVM classifier.
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ public:
     */
     virtual void copyTo(HOGDescriptor& c) const;
 
-    /**@example train_HOG.cpp
+    /**@example samples/cpp/train_HOG.cpp
     */
     /** @brief Computes HOG descriptors of given image.
     @param img Matrix of the type CV_8U containing an image where HOG features will be calculated.
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ public:
     */
     CV_WRAP static std::vector<float> getDefaultPeopleDetector();
 
-    /**@example hog.cpp
+    /**@example samples/tapi/hog.cpp
     */
     /** @brief Returns coefficients of the classifier trained for people detection (for 48x96 windows).
     */

modules/photo/include/opencv2/photo.hpp

@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void decolor( InputArray src, OutputArray grayscale, OutputArray co
 //! @addtogroup photo_clone
 //! @{
 
-/** @example cloning_demo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/photo/seamless_cloning/cloning_demo.cpp
 An example using seamlessClone function
 */
 /** @brief Image editing tasks concern either global changes (color/intensity corrections, filters,
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W void edgePreservingFilter(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int flag
 CV_EXPORTS_W void detailEnhance(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, float sigma_s = 10,
         float sigma_r = 0.15f);
 
-/** @example npr_demo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/photo/non_photorealistic_rendering/npr_demo.cpp
 An example using non-photorealistic line drawing functions
 */
 /** @brief Pencil-like non-photorealistic line drawing

modules/shape/include/opencv2/shape/shape_distance.hpp

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace cv
 //! @addtogroup shape
 //! @{
 
-/** @example shape_example.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/shape_example.cpp
 An example using shape distance algorithm
 */
 /** @brief Abstract base class for shape distance algorithms.

modules/stitching/include/opencv2/stitching.hpp

@@ -109,6 +109,14 @@ namespace cv {
 //! @addtogroup stitching
 //! @{
 
+/** @example samples/cpp/stitching.cpp
+A basic example on image stitching
+*/
+
+/** @example samples/cpp/stitching_detailed.cpp
+A detailed example on image stitching
+*/
+
 /** @brief High level image stitcher.
 
 It's possible to use this class without being aware of the entire stitching pipeline. However, to

modules/video/include/opencv2/video/tracking.hpp

@@ -78,9 +78,10 @@ See the OpenCV sample camshiftdemo.c that tracks colored objects.
  */
 CV_EXPORTS_W RotatedRect CamShift( InputArray probImage, CV_IN_OUT Rect& window,
                                    TermCriteria criteria );
-/** @example camshiftdemo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/camshiftdemo.cpp
 An example using the mean-shift tracking algorithm
 */
+
 /** @brief Finds an object on a back projection image.
 
 @param probImage Back projection of the object histogram. See calcBackProject for details.
@@ -123,9 +124,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W int buildOpticalFlowPyramid( InputArray img, OutputArrayOfArrays py
                                           int derivBorder = BORDER_CONSTANT,
                                           bool tryReuseInputImage = true );
 
-/** @example lkdemo.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/lkdemo.cpp
 An example using the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Calculates an optical flow for a sparse feature set using the iterative Lucas-Kanade method with
 pyramids.
 
@@ -263,9 +265,9 @@ enum
     MOTION_HOMOGRAPHY  = 3
 };
 
-/** @example image_alignment.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/image_alignment.cpp
 An example using the image alignment ECC algorithm
- */
+*/
 
 /** @brief Finds the geometric transform (warp) between two images in terms of the ECC criterion @cite EP08 .
 
@@ -322,9 +324,10 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W double findTransformECC( InputArray templateImage, InputArray input
                                       TermCriteria criteria = TermCriteria(TermCriteria::COUNT+TermCriteria::EPS, 50, 0.001),
                                       InputArray inputMask = noArray());
 
-/** @example kalman.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/kalman.cpp
 An example using the standard Kalman filter
 */
+
 /** @brief Kalman filter class.
 
 The class implements a standard Kalman filter <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalman_filter>,

modules/videoio/include/opencv2/videoio.hpp

@@ -815,13 +815,18 @@ protected:
 
 class IVideoWriter;
 
-/** @example videowriter_basic.cpp
+/** @example samples/cpp/tutorial_code/videoio/video-write/video-write.cpp
+Check @ref tutorial_video_write "the corresponding tutorial" for more details
+*/
+
+/** @example samples/cpp/videowriter_basic.cpp
 An example using VideoCapture and VideoWriter class
- */
+*/
+
 /** @brief Video writer class.
 
 The class provides C++ API for writing video files or image sequences.
- */
+*/
 class CV_EXPORTS_W VideoWriter
 {
 public:

samples/cpp/connected_components.cpp

+
 #include <opencv2/core/utility.hpp>
 #include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
@@ -32,44 +33,29 @@ static void on_trackbar(int, void*)
     imshow( "Connected Components", dst );
 }
 
-static void help()
+int main( int argc, const char** argv )
 {
-    cout << "\n This program demonstrates connected components and use of the trackbar\n"
-             "Usage: \n"
-             "  ./connected_components <image(../data/stuff.jpg as default)>\n"
-             "The image is converted to grayscale and displayed, another image has a trackbar\n"
+    CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, "{@image|../data/stuff.jpg|image for converting to a grayscale}");
+    parser.about("\nThis program demonstrates connected components and use of the trackbar\n");
+    parser.printMessage();
+    cout << "\nThe image is converted to grayscale and displayed, another image has a trackbar\n"
             "that controls thresholding and thereby the extracted contours which are drawn in color\n";
-}
-
-const char* keys =
-{
-    "{help h||}{@image|../data/stuff.jpg|image for converting to a grayscale}"
-};
 
-int main( int argc, const char** argv )
-{
-    CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, keys);
-    if (parser.has("help"))
-    {
-        help();
-        return 0;
-    }
-    string inputImage = parser.get<string>(0);
-    img = imread(inputImage.c_str(), 0);
+    String inputImage = parser.get<string>(0);
+    img = imread(inputImage, IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
 
     if(img.empty())
     {
         cout << "Could not read input image file: " << inputImage << endl;
-        return -1;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
-    namedWindow( "Image", 1 );
     imshow( "Image", img );
 
-    namedWindow( "Connected Components", 1 );
+    namedWindow( "Connected Components", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
     createTrackbar( "Threshold", "Connected Components", &threshval, 255, on_trackbar );
     on_trackbar(threshval, 0);
 
     waitKey(0);
-    return 0;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }

samples/cpp/squares.cpp

+
 // The "Square Detector" program.
 // It loads several images sequentially and tries to find squares in
 // each image
@@ -8,22 +9,18 @@
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
 
 #include <iostream>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 using namespace cv;
 using namespace std;
 
-static void help()
+static void help(const char* programName)
 {
     cout <<
-    "\nA program using pyramid scaling, Canny, contours, contour simpification and\n"
-    "memory storage (it's got it all folks) to find\n"
-    "squares in a list of images pic1-6.png\n"
+    "\nA program using pyramid scaling, Canny, contours and contour simplification\n"
+    "to find squares in a list of images (pic1-6.png)\n"
     "Returns sequence of squares detected on the image.\n"
-    "the sequence is stored in the specified memory storage\n"
     "Call:\n"
-    "./squares [file_name (optional)]\n"
+    "./" << programName << " [file_name (optional)]\n"
     "Using OpenCV version " << CV_VERSION << "\n" << endl;
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +41,6 @@ static double angle( Point pt1, Point pt2, Point pt0 )
 }
 
 // returns sequence of squares detected on the image.
-// the sequence is stored in the specified memory storage
 static void findSquares( const Mat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
 {
     squares.clear();
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ static void findSquares( const Mat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
             {
                 // approximate contour with accuracy proportional
                 // to the contour perimeter
-                approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), approx, arcLength(Mat(contours[i]), true)*0.02, true);
+                approxPolyDP(contours[i], approx, arcLength(contours[i], true)*0.02, true);
 
                 // square contours should have 4 vertices after approximation
                 // relatively large area (to filter out noisy contours)
@@ -102,8 +98,8 @@ static void findSquares( const Mat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
                 // area may be positive or negative - in accordance with the
                 // contour orientation
                 if( approx.size() == 4 &&
-                    fabs(contourArea(Mat(approx))) > 1000 &&
-                    isContourConvex(Mat(approx)) )
+                    fabs(contourArea(approx)) > 1000 &&
+                    isContourConvex(approx) )
                 {
                     double maxCosine = 0;
 
@@ -144,7 +140,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     static const char* names[] = { "../data/pic1.png", "../data/pic2.png", "../data/pic3.png",
         "../data/pic4.png", "../data/pic5.png", "../data/pic6.png", 0 };
-    help();
+    help(argv[0]);
 
     if( argc > 1)
     {
@@ -152,12 +148,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
      names[1] =  "0";
     }
 
-    namedWindow( wndname, 1 );
     vector<vector<Point> > squares;
 
     for( int i = 0; names[i] != 0; i++ )
     {
-        Mat image = imread(names[i], 1);
+        Mat image = imread(names[i], IMREAD_COLOR);
         if( image.empty() )
         {
             cout << "Couldn't load " << names[i] << endl;
@@ -167,7 +162,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         findSquares(image, squares);
         drawSquares(image, squares);
 
-        char c = (char)waitKey();
+        int c = waitKey();
         if( c == 27 )
             break;
     }

samples/cpp/stitching.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv);
 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 {
     int retval = parseCmdArgs(argc, argv);
-    if (retval) return -1;
+    if (retval) return EXIT_FAILURE;
 
+    //![stitching]
     Mat pano;
     Ptr<Stitcher> stitcher = Stitcher::create(mode, try_use_gpu);
     Stitcher::Status status = stitcher->stitch(imgs, pano);
@@ -29,12 +30,13 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     if (status != Stitcher::OK)
     {
         cout << "Can't stitch images, error code = " << int(status) << endl;
-        return -1;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
+    //![stitching]
 
     imwrite(result_name, pano);
     cout << "stitching completed successfully\n" << result_name << " saved!";
-    return 0;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv)
     if (argc == 1)
     {
         printUsage(argv);
-        return -1;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv)
         if (string(argv[i]) == "--help" || string(argv[i]) == "/?")
         {
             printUsage(argv);
-            return -1;
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
         }
         else if (string(argv[i]) == "--try_use_gpu")
         {
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv)
             else
             {
                 cout << "Bad --try_use_gpu flag value\n";
-                return -1;
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
             }
             i++;
         }
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv)
             else
             {
                 cout << "Bad --mode flag value\n";
-                return -1;
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
             }
             i++;
         }
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv)
             if (img.empty())
             {
                 cout << "Can't read image '" << argv[i] << "'\n";
-                return -1;
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
             }
 
             if (divide_images)
@@ -130,5 +132,5 @@ int parseCmdArgs(int argc, char** argv)
                 imgs.push_back(img);
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }

samples/cpp/stitching_detailed.cpp

-/*M///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//
-//  IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLING OR USING.
-//
-//  By downloading, copying, installing or using the software you agree to this license.
-//  If you do not agree to this license, do not download, install,
-//  copy or use the software.
-//
-//
-//                          License Agreement
-//                For Open Source Computer Vision Library
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2000-2008, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved.
-// Copyright (C) 2009, Willow Garage Inc., all rights reserved.
-// Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
-// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-//
-//   * Redistribution's of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
-//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//
-//   * Redistribution's in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-//     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-//
-//   * The name of the copyright holders may not be used to endorse or promote products
-//     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and
-// any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
-// warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
-// In no event shall the Intel Corporation or contributors be liable for any direct,
-// indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages
-// (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
-// loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused
-// and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability,
-// or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of
-// the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
-//
-//
-//M*/
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgProc/Morphology_2.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void Morphology_Operations( int, void* );
 int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
   //![load]
-  CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | ../data/LinuxLogo.jpg | input image}" );
+  CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | ../data/baboon.jpg | input image}" );
   src = imread( parser.get<String>( "@input" ), IMREAD_COLOR );
   if (src.empty())
   {

samples/tapi/squares.cpp

-// The "Square Detector" program.
-// It loads several images sequentially and tries to find squares in
-// each image
 
 #include "opencv2/core.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/core/ocl.hpp"
@@ -9,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
-#include <string.h>
 
 using namespace cv;
 using namespace std;
@@ -31,7 +27,6 @@ static double angle( Point pt1, Point pt2, Point pt0 )
 
 
 // returns sequence of squares detected on the image.
-// the sequence is stored in the specified memory storage
 static void findSquares( const UMat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
 {
     squares.clear();
@@ -66,7 +61,7 @@ static void findSquares( const UMat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
             {
                 // apply threshold if l!=0:
                 //     tgray(x,y) = gray(x,y) < (l+1)*255/N ? 255 : 0
-                cv::threshold(gray0, gray, (l+1)*255/N, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
+                threshold(gray0, gray, (l+1)*255/N, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
             }
 
             // find contours and store them all as a list
@@ -80,7 +75,7 @@ static void findSquares( const UMat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
                 // approximate contour with accuracy proportional
                 // to the contour perimeter
 
-                approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), approx, arcLength(Mat(contours[i]), true)*0.02, true);
+                approxPolyDP(contours[i], approx, arcLength(contours[i], true)*0.02, true);
 
                 // square contours should have 4 vertices after approximation
                 // relatively large area (to filter out noisy contours)
@@ -89,8 +84,8 @@ static void findSquares( const UMat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares )
                 // area may be positive or negative - in accordance with the
                 // contour orientation
                 if( approx.size() == 4 &&
-                        fabs(contourArea(Mat(approx))) > 1000 &&
-                        isContourConvex(Mat(approx)) )
+                        fabs(contourArea(approx)) > 1000 &&
+                        isContourConvex(approx) )
                 {
                     double maxCosine = 0;
 
@@ -150,7 +145,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 
     if(cmd.has("help"))
     {
-        cout << "Usage : squares [options]" << endl;
+        cout << "Usage : " << argv[0] << " [options]" << endl;
         cout << "Available options:" << endl;
         cmd.printMessage();
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     if (cmd.has("cpu_mode"))
     {
         ocl::setUseOpenCL(false);
-        std::cout << "OpenCL was disabled" << std::endl;
+        cout << "OpenCL was disabled" << endl;
     }
 
     string inputName = cmd.get<string>("i");
@@ -185,11 +180,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 
     do
     {
-        int64 t_start = cv::getTickCount();
+        int64 t_start = getTickCount();
         findSquares(image, squares);
         t_cpp += cv::getTickCount() - t_start;
 
-        t_start  = cv::getTickCount();
+        t_start  = getTickCount();
 
         cout << "run loop: " << j << endl;
     }