In addition to cleaner code, this has the effect of fixing a number of issues:
- Fixes #494: Windows paths are now parsed and handled a lot better. On Windows, backslashes are handled appropriately, as are absolute paths with drive letters.
- Fixes #288: Specifing a source path starting with ".." without an appropriate --src-prefix will no longer cause output files to be generated outside of the specified output directory. Instead, the output name will be based on the absolute path, and a warning will be written since this is probably not what anyone wants.
- It's no longer necessary for --src-prefix to exactly match character-for-character. Instead, the prefix and source paths are canonicalized before matching. It even works if one is relative and the other absolute.
- Relative paths are now consistently always evaluated in path space, so ".." always cancels the previous path component and the OS/filesystem never even sees that it was there. This used to be the case in some places but not others. This behavior is important for symlink-heavy source trees: the path "foo/some-symlink/.." is now always designates "foo", rather than designating the parent directory of the symlink's target.

This change does not update the code generator plugins nor the SchemaParser API. Those will come in separate commits.