Implement ability to set() struct and list fields by deep-copying from a…

Implement ability to set() struct and list fields by deep-copying from a corresponding Reader.  This copy requires no schema knowledge.

c++/src/capnproto/dynamic.c++

@@ -509,12 +509,6 @@ Data::Builder DynamicStruct::Builder::initObjectAsData(Text::Reader name, uint s
   return initObjectAsText(schema.getMemberByName(name), size);
 }
 
-void DynamicStruct::Builder::copyFrom(Reader other) {
-  // TODO(now): copyFrom on StructBuilder.
-  // TODO(now): don't forget to check types match.
-  FAIL_CHECK("Unimplemented: copyFrom()");
-}
-
 DynamicValue::Reader DynamicStruct::Reader::getImpl(
     internal::StructReader reader, StructSchema::Member member) {
   switch (member.getProto().getBody().which()) {
@@ -821,25 +815,17 @@ void DynamicStruct::Builder::setImpl(
           return;
 
         case schema::Type::Body::LIST_TYPE: {
-          // TODO(now):  We need to do a schemaless copy to avoid losing information if the values
-          //   are larger than what the schema defines.
-          auto listValue = value.as<DynamicList>();
-          initImpl(builder, member, listValue.size())
-              .as<DynamicList>().copyFrom(listValue);
+          builder.setListField(field.getOffset() * POINTERS, value.as<DynamicList>().reader);
           return;
         }
 
         case schema::Type::Body::STRUCT_TYPE: {
-          // TODO(now):  We need to do a schemaless copy to avoid losing information if the values
-          //   are larger than what the schema defines.
-          initImpl(builder, member).as<DynamicStruct>()
-              .copyFrom(value.as<DynamicStruct>());
+          builder.setStructField(field.getOffset() * POINTERS, value.as<DynamicStruct>().reader);
           return;
         }
 
         case schema::Type::Body::OBJECT_TYPE: {
-          // TODO(now):  Perform schemaless copy.
-          FAIL_CHECK("TODO");
+          builder.setObjectField(field.getOffset() * POINTERS, value.as<DynamicObject>().reader);
           return;
         }
 
@@ -1094,17 +1080,15 @@ void DynamicList::Builder::set(uint index, DynamicValue::Reader value) {
       break;
 
     case schema::Type::Body::LIST_TYPE: {
-      // TODO(now):  Perform schemaless copy.
-      auto listValue = value.as<DynamicList>();
-      init(index, listValue.size()).as<DynamicList>().copyFrom(listValue);
+      builder.setListElement(index * ELEMENTS, value.as<DynamicList>().reader);
       break;
     }
 
     case schema::Type::Body::STRUCT_TYPE:
-      // Note we can't do a schemaless copy here because the space is already allocated.
-      DynamicStruct::Builder(
-          schema.getStructElementType(), builder.getStructElement(index * ELEMENTS))
-          .copyFrom(value.as<DynamicStruct>());
+      // Not supported for the same reason List<struct> doesn't support it -- the space for the
+      // element is already allocated, and if it's smaller than the input value the copy would
+      // have to be lossy.
+      FAIL_RECOVERABLE_CHECK("DynamicList of structs does not support set().");
       break;
 
     case schema::Type::Body::ENUM_TYPE: {
@@ -1188,12 +1172,6 @@ DynamicValue::Builder DynamicList::Builder::init(uint index, uint size) {
   return DynamicValue::Builder();
 }
 
-void DynamicList::Builder::copyFrom(Reader other) {
-  // TODO(now): copyFrom on ListBuilder.
-  // TODO(now): don't forget to check types match.
-  FAIL_CHECK("Unimplemented: copyFrom()");
-}
-
 void DynamicList::Builder::copyFrom(std::initializer_list<DynamicValue::Reader> value) {
   PRECOND(value.size() == size(), "DynamicList::copyFrom() argument had different size.");
   uint i = 0;
@@ -1401,8 +1379,7 @@ DynamicStruct::Builder PointerHelpers<DynamicStruct, Kind::UNKNOWN>::getDynamic(
 }
 void PointerHelpers<DynamicStruct, Kind::UNKNOWN>::set(
     StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index, DynamicStruct::Reader value) {
-  // TODO(now):  schemaless copy
-  FAIL_CHECK("Unimplemented: copyFrom()");
+  builder.setStructField(index, value.reader);
 }
 DynamicStruct::Builder PointerHelpers<DynamicStruct, Kind::UNKNOWN>::init(
     StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index, StructSchema schema) {
@@ -1429,8 +1406,7 @@ DynamicList::Builder PointerHelpers<DynamicList, Kind::UNKNOWN>::getDynamic(
 }
 void PointerHelpers<DynamicList, Kind::UNKNOWN>::set(
     StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index, DynamicList::Reader value) {
-  // TODO(now):  schemaless copy
-  FAIL_CHECK("Unimplemented: copyFrom()");
+  builder.setListField(index, value.reader);
 }
 DynamicList::Builder PointerHelpers<DynamicList, Kind::UNKNOWN>::init(
     StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index, ListSchema schema, uint size) {

c++/src/capnproto/dynamic.h

@@ -333,8 +333,6 @@ public:
   Data::Builder initObjectAsData(Text::Reader name, uint size);
   // Shortcuts to access members by name.  These throw exceptions if no such field exists.
 
-  void copyFrom(Reader other);
-
   Reader asReader();
 
 private:
@@ -446,7 +444,6 @@ public:
   inline iterator begin() { return iterator(this, 0); }
   inline iterator end() { return iterator(this, size()); }
 
-  void copyFrom(Reader other);
   void copyFrom(std::initializer_list<DynamicValue::Reader> value);
 
   Reader asReader();

c++/src/capnproto/generated-header-support.h

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 
 namespace capnproto {
 
+class MessageBuilder;  // So that it can be declared a friend.
+
 template <typename T, Kind k = kind<T>()>
 struct ToDynamic_;   // Defined in dynamic.h, needs to be declared as everyone's friend.
 
@@ -50,8 +52,7 @@ struct PointerHelpers<T, Kind::STRUCT> {
   }
   static inline void set(StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index,
                          typename T::Reader value) {
-    // TODO(now):  schemaless copy
-    CAPNPROTO_INLINE_PRECOND(false, "Not implemented:  set() for struct fields.");
+    builder.setStructField(index, value._reader);
   }
   static inline typename T::Builder init(StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index) {
     return typename T::Builder(builder.initStructField(index, structSize<T>()));
@@ -70,11 +71,15 @@ struct PointerHelpers<List<T>, Kind::LIST> {
   }
   static inline void set(StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index,
                          typename List<T>::Reader value) {
-    init(builder, index, value.size()).copyFrom(value);
+    builder.setListField(index, value.reader);
   }
-  static inline void set(StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index,
-                         std::initializer_list<ReaderFor<T>> value) {
-    init(builder, index, value.size()).copyFrom(value);
+  template <typename U>
+  static void set(StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index, std::initializer_list<U> value) {
+    auto l = init(builder, index, value.size());
+    uint i = 0;
+    for (auto& element: value) {
+      l.set(i++, element);
+    }
   }
   static inline typename List<T>::Builder init(
       StructBuilder builder, WirePointerCount index, uint size) {

c++/src/capnproto/layout.c++

@@ -1070,6 +1070,104 @@ struct WireHelpers {
     }
   }
 
+  static void setStructPointer(SegmentBuilder* segment, WirePointer* ref, StructReader value) {
+    WordCount dataSize = roundUpToWords(value.dataSize);
+    WordCount totalSize = dataSize + value.pointerCount * WORDS_PER_POINTER;
+
+    word* ptr = allocate(ref, segment, totalSize, WirePointer::STRUCT);
+    ref->structRef.set(dataSize, value.pointerCount);
+
+    if (value.dataSize == 1 * BITS) {
+      *reinterpret_cast<char*>(ptr) = value.getDataField<bool>(0 * ELEMENTS);
+    } else {
+      memcpy(ptr, value.data, value.dataSize / BITS_PER_BYTE / BYTES);
+    }
+
+    WirePointer* pointerSection = reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr + dataSize);
+    for (uint i = 0; i < value.pointerCount / POINTERS; i++) {
+      setObjectPointer(segment, pointerSection + i, readObjectPointer(
+          value.segment, value.pointers + i, nullptr, value.nestingLimit));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static void setListPointer(SegmentBuilder* segment, WirePointer* ref, ListReader value) {
+    WordCount totalSize = roundUpToWords(value.elementCount * value.step);
+
+    if (value.step * ELEMENTS <= BITS_PER_WORD * WORDS) {
+      // List of non-structs.
+      word* ptr = allocate(ref, segment, totalSize, WirePointer::LIST);
+
+      if (value.structPointerCount == 1 * POINTERS) {
+        // List of pointers.
+        ref->listRef.set(FieldSize::POINTER, value.elementCount);
+        for (uint i = 0; i < value.elementCount / ELEMENTS; i++) {
+          setObjectPointer(segment, reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr) + i, readObjectPointer(
+              value.segment, reinterpret_cast<const WirePointer*>(value.ptr) + i,
+              nullptr, value.nestingLimit));
+        }
+      } else {
+        // List of data.
+        FieldSize elementSize = FieldSize::VOID;
+        switch (value.step * ELEMENTS / BITS) {
+          case 0: elementSize = FieldSize::VOID; break;
+          case 1: elementSize = FieldSize::BIT; break;
+          case 8: elementSize = FieldSize::BYTE; break;
+          case 16: elementSize = FieldSize::TWO_BYTES; break;
+          case 32: elementSize = FieldSize::FOUR_BYTES; break;
+          case 64: elementSize = FieldSize::EIGHT_BYTES; break;
+          default:
+            FAIL_CHECK("invalid list step size", value.step * ELEMENTS / BITS);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        ref->listRef.set(elementSize, value.elementCount);
+        memcpy(ptr, value.ptr, totalSize * BYTES_PER_WORD / BYTES);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // List of structs.
+      word* ptr = allocate(ref, segment, totalSize + POINTER_SIZE_IN_WORDS, WirePointer::LIST);
+      ref->listRef.setInlineComposite(totalSize);
+
+      WordCount dataSize = roundUpToWords(value.structDataSize);
+      WirePointerCount pointerCount = value.structPointerCount;
+
+      WirePointer* tag = reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr);
+      tag->setKindAndInlineCompositeListElementCount(WirePointer::STRUCT, value.elementCount);
+      tag->structRef.set(dataSize, pointerCount);
+      ptr += POINTER_SIZE_IN_WORDS;
+
+      const word* src = reinterpret_cast<const word*>(value.ptr);
+      for (uint i = 0; i < value.elementCount / ELEMENTS; i++) {
+        memcpy(ptr, src, value.structDataSize / BITS_PER_BYTE / BYTES);
+        ptr += dataSize;
+        src += dataSize;
+
+        for (uint j = 0; j < pointerCount / POINTERS; j++) {
+          setObjectPointer(segment, reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr), readObjectPointer(
+              value.segment, reinterpret_cast<const WirePointer*>(src), nullptr,
+              value.nestingLimit));
+          ptr += POINTER_SIZE_IN_WORDS;
+          src += POINTER_SIZE_IN_WORDS;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  static CAPNPROTO_ALWAYS_INLINE(void setObjectPointer(
+      SegmentBuilder* segment, WirePointer* ref, ObjectReader value)) {
+    switch (value.kind) {
+      case ObjectKind::NULL_POINTER:
+        memset(ref, 0, sizeof(*ref));
+        break;
+      case ObjectKind::STRUCT:
+        setStructPointer(segment, ref, value.structReader);
+        break;
+      case ObjectKind::LIST:
+        setListPointer(segment, ref, value.listReader);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
   static CAPNPROTO_ALWAYS_INLINE(StructReader readStructPointer(
@@ -1377,12 +1475,15 @@ struct WireHelpers {
     }
   }
 
-  static CAPNPROTO_ALWAYS_INLINE(ObjectReader readObjectPointer(
+  static ObjectReader readObjectPointer(
       SegmentReader* segment, const WirePointer* ref,
-      const word* defaultValue, int nestingLimit)) {
+      const word* defaultValue, int nestingLimit) {
     // We can't really reuse readStructPointer() and readListPointer() because they are designed
     // for the case where we are expecting a specific type, and they do validation around that,
     // whereas this method is for the case where we accept any pointer.
+    //
+    // Not always-inline because it is called from several places in the copying code, and anyway
+    // is relatively rarely used.
 
     const word* ptr;
     if (ref == nullptr || ref->isNull()) {
@@ -1498,6 +1599,10 @@ StructBuilder StructBuilder::initRoot(
       reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(location), segment, size);
 }
 
+void StructBuilder::setRoot(SegmentBuilder* segment, word* location, StructReader value) {
+  return WireHelpers::setStructPointer(segment, reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(location), value);
+}
+
 StructBuilder StructBuilder::getRoot(
     SegmentBuilder* segment, word* location, StructSize size) {
   return WireHelpers::getWritableStructPointer(
@@ -1575,6 +1680,18 @@ ObjectBuilder StructBuilder::getObjectField(
   return WireHelpers::getWritableObjectPointer(segment, pointers + ptrIndex, defaultValue);
 }
 
+void StructBuilder::setStructField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, StructReader value) const {
+  return WireHelpers::setStructPointer(segment, pointers + ptrIndex, value);
+}
+
+void StructBuilder::setListField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, ListReader value) const {
+  return WireHelpers::setListPointer(segment, pointers + ptrIndex, value);
+}
+
+void StructBuilder::setObjectField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, ObjectReader value) const {
+  return WireHelpers::setObjectPointer(segment, pointers + ptrIndex, value);
+}
+
 StructReader StructBuilder::asReader() const {
   return StructReader(segment, data, pointers,
       dataSize, pointerCount, bit0Offset, std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
@@ -1743,6 +1860,16 @@ ObjectBuilder ListBuilder::getObjectElement(ElementCount index) const {
       segment, reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr + index * step / BITS_PER_BYTE), nullptr);
 }
 
+void ListBuilder::setListElement(ElementCount index, ListReader value) const {
+  return WireHelpers::setListPointer(
+      segment, reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr + index * step / BITS_PER_BYTE), value);
+}
+
+void ListBuilder::setObjectElement(ElementCount index, ObjectReader value) const {
+  return WireHelpers::setObjectPointer(
+      segment, reinterpret_cast<WirePointer*>(ptr + index * step / BITS_PER_BYTE), value);
+}
+
 ListReader ListBuilder::asReader() const {
   return ListReader(segment, ptr, elementCount, step, structDataSize, structPointerCount,
                     std::numeric_limits<int>::max());

c++/src/capnproto/layout.h

@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ public:
   inline StructBuilder(): segment(nullptr), data(nullptr), pointers(nullptr), bit0Offset(0) {}
 
   static StructBuilder initRoot(SegmentBuilder* segment, word* location, StructSize size);
+  static void setRoot(SegmentBuilder* segment, word* location, StructReader value);
   static StructBuilder getRoot(SegmentBuilder* segment, word* location, StructSize size);
 
   inline BitCount getDataSectionSize() const { return dataSize; }
@@ -376,6 +377,11 @@ public:
   ObjectBuilder getObjectField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, const word* defaultValue) const;
   // Read a pointer of arbitrary type.
 
+  void setStructField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, StructReader value) const;
+  void setListField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, ListReader value) const;
+  void setObjectField(WirePointerCount ptrIndex, ObjectReader value) const;
+  // Sets a pointer field to a deep copy of the given value.
+
   StructReader asReader() const;
   // Gets a StructReader pointing at the same memory.
 
@@ -555,6 +561,10 @@ public:
   ObjectBuilder getObjectElement(ElementCount index) const;
   // Gets a pointer element of arbitrary type.
 
+  void setListElement(ElementCount index, ListReader value) const;
+  void setObjectElement(ElementCount index, ObjectReader value) const;
+  // Sets a pointer element to a deep copy of the given value.
+
   ListReader asReader() const;
   // Get a ListReader pointing at the same memory.
 

c++/src/capnproto/list.h

@@ -199,6 +199,10 @@ struct List<T, Kind::PRIMITIVE> {
 
   private:
     internal::ListReader reader;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct internal::PointerHelpers;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct List;
   };
 
   class Builder {
@@ -208,6 +212,9 @@ struct List<T, Kind::PRIMITIVE> {
     Builder() = default;
     inline explicit Builder(internal::ListBuilder builder): builder(builder) {}
 
+    inline operator Reader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+    inline Reader asReader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+
     inline uint size() const { return builder.size() / ELEMENTS; }
     inline T operator[](uint index) const {
       return builder.template getDataElement<T>(index * ELEMENTS);
@@ -226,25 +233,6 @@ struct List<T, Kind::PRIMITIVE> {
     inline iterator begin() const { return iterator(this, 0); }
     inline iterator end() const { return iterator(this, size()); }
 
-    template <typename Other>
-    void copyFrom(const Other& other) {
-      auto i = other.begin();
-      auto end = other.end();
-      uint pos = 0;
-      for (; i != end && pos < size(); ++i) {
-        set(pos, *i);
-      }
-      CAPNPROTO_INLINE_DPRECOND(pos == size() && i == end,
-                                "List::copyFrom() argument had different size.");
-    }
-    void copyFrom(std::initializer_list<T> other) {
-      CAPNPROTO_INLINE_DPRECOND(other.size() == size(),
-                                "List::copyFrom() argument had different size.");
-      for (uint i = 0; i < other.size(); i++) {
-        set(i, other.begin()[i]);
-      }
-    }
-
   private:
     internal::ListBuilder builder;
   };
@@ -308,6 +296,10 @@ struct List<T, Kind::STRUCT> {
 
   private:
     internal::ListReader reader;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct internal::PointerHelpers;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct List;
   };
 
   class Builder {
@@ -317,20 +309,23 @@ struct List<T, Kind::STRUCT> {
     Builder() = default;
     inline explicit Builder(internal::ListBuilder builder): builder(builder) {}
 
+    inline operator Reader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+    inline Reader asReader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+
     inline uint size() const { return builder.size() / ELEMENTS; }
     inline typename T::Builder operator[](uint index) const {
       return typename T::Builder(builder.getStructElement(index * ELEMENTS));
     }
 
+    // There are no init() or set() methods for lists of structs because the elements of the list
+    // are inlined and are initialized when the list is initialized.  This means that init() would
+    // be redundant, and set() would risk data loss if the input struct were from a newer version
+    // of teh protocol.
+
     typedef internal::IndexingIterator<Builder, typename T::Builder> iterator;
     inline iterator begin() const { return iterator(this, 0); }
     inline iterator end() const { return iterator(this, size()); }
 
-    template <typename Other>
-    void copyFrom(const Other& other);
-    void copyFrom(std::initializer_list<typename T::Reader> other);
-    // TODO
-
   private:
     internal::ListBuilder builder;
   };
@@ -391,6 +386,10 @@ struct List<List<T>, Kind::LIST> {
 
   private:
     internal::ListReader reader;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct internal::PointerHelpers;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct List;
   };
 
   class Builder {
@@ -400,6 +399,9 @@ struct List<List<T>, Kind::LIST> {
     Builder() = default;
     inline explicit Builder(internal::ListBuilder builder): builder(builder) {}
 
+    inline operator Reader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+    inline Reader asReader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+
     inline uint size() const { return builder.size() / ELEMENTS; }
     inline typename List<T>::Builder operator[](uint index) const {
       return typename List<T>::Builder(List<T>::getAsElementOf(builder, index));
@@ -407,16 +409,21 @@ struct List<List<T>, Kind::LIST> {
     inline typename List<T>::Builder init(uint index, uint size) {
       return typename List<T>::Builder(List<T>::initAsElementOf(builder, index, size));
     }
+    inline void set(uint index, typename List<T>::Reader value) {
+      builder.setListElement(index * ELEMENTS, value.reader);
+    }
+    void set(uint index, std::initializer_list<ReaderFor<T>> value) {
+      auto l = init(index, value.size());
+      uint i = 0;
+      for (auto& element: value) {
+        l.set(i++, element);
+      }
+    }
 
     typedef internal::IndexingIterator<Builder, typename List<T>::Builder> iterator;
     inline iterator begin() const { return iterator(this, 0); }
     inline iterator end() const { return iterator(this, size()); }
 
-    template <typename Other>
-    void copyFrom(const Other& other);
-    void copyFrom(std::initializer_list<typename List<T>::Reader> other);
-    // TODO
-
   private:
     internal::ListBuilder builder;
   };
@@ -475,6 +482,10 @@ struct List<T, Kind::BLOB> {
 
   private:
     internal::ListReader reader;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct internal::PointerHelpers;
+    template <typename U, Kind K>
+    friend struct List;
   };
 
   class Builder {
@@ -484,6 +495,9 @@ struct List<T, Kind::BLOB> {
     Builder() = default;
     inline explicit Builder(internal::ListBuilder builder): builder(builder) {}
 
+    inline operator Reader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+    inline Reader asReader() { return Reader(builder.asReader()); }
+
     inline uint size() const { return builder.size() / ELEMENTS; }
     inline typename T::Builder operator[](uint index) const {
       return builder.getBlobElement<T>(index * ELEMENTS);
@@ -499,25 +513,6 @@ struct List<T, Kind::BLOB> {
     inline iterator begin() const { return iterator(this, 0); }
     inline iterator end() const { return iterator(this, size()); }
 
-    template <typename Other>
-    void copyFrom(const Other& other) {
-      auto i = other.begin();
-      auto end = other.end();
-      uint pos = 0;
-      for (; i != end && pos < size(); ++i) {
-        set(pos, *i);
-      }
-      CAPNPROTO_INLINE_DPRECOND(pos == size() && i == end,
-                                "List::copyFrom() argument had different size.");
-    }
-    void copyFrom(std::initializer_list<typename T::Reader> other) {
-      CAPNPROTO_INLINE_DPRECOND(other.size() == size(),
-                                "List::copyFrom() argument had different size.");
-      for (uint i = 0; i < other.size(); i++) {
-        set(i, other.begin()[i]);
-      }
-    }
-
   private:
     internal::ListBuilder builder;
   };

c++/src/capnproto/message.c++

@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ internal::StructBuilder MessageBuilder::initRoot(internal::StructSize size) {
       rootSegment, rootSegment->getPtrUnchecked(0 * WORDS), size);
 }
 
+void MessageBuilder::setRootInternal(internal::StructReader reader) {
+  internal::SegmentBuilder* rootSegment = getRootSegment();
+  internal::StructBuilder::setRoot(
+      rootSegment, rootSegment->getPtrUnchecked(0 * WORDS), reader);
+}
+
 internal::StructBuilder MessageBuilder::getRoot(internal::StructSize size) {
   internal::SegmentBuilder* rootSegment = getRootSegment();
   return internal::StructBuilder::getRoot(

c++/src/capnproto/message.h

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include "type-safety.h"
 #include "layout.h"
 
+#include "list.h"  // TODO(cleanup):  For FromReader.  Move elsewhere?
+
 #ifndef CAPNPROTO_MESSAGE_H_
 #define CAPNPROTO_MESSAGE_H_
 
@@ -133,6 +135,10 @@ public:
   typename RootType::Builder initRoot();
   // Initialize the root struct of the message as the given struct type.
 
+  template <typename Reader>
+  void setRoot(Reader&& value);
+  // Set the root struct to a deep copy of the given struct.
+
   template <typename RootType>
   typename RootType::Builder getRoot();
   // Get the root struct of the message, interpreting it as the given struct type.
@@ -162,6 +168,7 @@ private:
   internal::BuilderArena* arena() { return reinterpret_cast<internal::BuilderArena*>(arenaSpace); }
   internal::SegmentBuilder* getRootSegment();
   internal::StructBuilder initRoot(internal::StructSize size);
+  void setRootInternal(internal::StructReader reader);
   internal::StructBuilder getRoot(internal::StructSize size);
 };
 
@@ -301,6 +308,13 @@ inline typename RootType::Builder MessageBuilder::initRoot() {
   return typename RootType::Builder(initRoot(internal::structSize<RootType>()));
 }
 
+template <typename Reader>
+inline void MessageBuilder::setRoot(Reader&& value) {
+  typedef FromReader<Reader> RootType;
+  static_assert(kind<RootType>() == Kind::STRUCT, "Root type must be a Cap'n Proto struct type.");
+  setRootInternal(value._reader);
+}
+
 template <typename RootType>
 inline typename RootType::Builder MessageBuilder::getRoot() {
   static_assert(kind<RootType>() == Kind::STRUCT, "Root type must be a Cap'n Proto struct type.");

c++/src/capnproto/test-util.c++

@@ -355,16 +355,16 @@ void genericInitListDefaults(Builder builder) {
 
   {
     auto l = lists.initInt32ListList(3);
-    l.init(0, 3).copyFrom({1, 2, 3});
-    l.init(1, 2).copyFrom({4, 5});
-    l.init(2, 1).copyFrom({12341234});
+    l.set(0, {1, 2, 3});
+    l.set(1, {4, 5});
+    l.set(2, {12341234});
   }
 
   {
     auto l = lists.initTextListList(3);
-    l.init(0, 2).copyFrom({"foo", "bar"});
-    l.init(1, 1).copyFrom({"baz"});
-    l.init(2, 2).copyFrom({"qux", "corge"});
+    l.set(0, {"foo", "bar"});
+    l.set(1, {"baz"});
+    l.set(2, {"qux", "corge"});
   }
 
   {

compiler/src/c++-header.mustache

@@ -174,6 +174,9 @@ private:
   ::capnproto::internal::StructReader _reader;
   template <typename T, ::capnproto::Kind k>
   friend struct ::capnproto::ToDynamic_;
+  template <typename T, ::capnproto::Kind k>
+  friend struct ::capnproto::internal::PointerHelpers;
+  friend struct ::capnproto::MessageBuilder;
 };
 {{! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- }}
 
@@ -207,10 +210,10 @@ public:
 {{^fieldIsGenericObject}}
   inline {{fieldType}}::Builder get{{fieldTitleCase}}();
   inline void set{{fieldTitleCase}}({{fieldType}}::Reader other);
-{{#fieldIsList}}
+{{#fieldIsNonStructList}}
   inline void set{{fieldTitleCase}}(
       std::initializer_list<{{fieldElementReaderType}}> other);
-{{/fieldIsList}}
+{{/fieldIsNonStructList}}
 {{#fieldIsListOrBlob}}
   inline {{fieldType}}::Builder init{{fieldTitleCase}}(unsigned int size);
 {{/fieldIsListOrBlob}}
@@ -224,6 +227,8 @@ public:
   template <typename T, typename Param> inline typename T::Builder
       get{{fieldTitleCase}}(Param&& param);
   template <typename T> inline void set{{fieldTitleCase}}(typename T::Reader value);
+  template <typename T, typename U> inline void
+      set{{fieldTitleCase}}(std::initializer_list<U> value);
   template <typename T, typename... Params> inline typename T::Builder
       init{{fieldTitleCase}}(Params&&... params);
 {{/fieldIsGenericObject}}
@@ -325,7 +330,7 @@ inline void {{typeFullName}}::Builder::set{{fieldTitleCase}}({{fieldType}}::Read
       _builder, {{fieldOffset}} * ::capnproto::POINTERS, value);
 }
 
-{{#fieldIsList}}
+{{#fieldIsNonStructList}}
 inline void {{typeFullName}}::Builder::set{{fieldTitleCase}}(
     std::initializer_list<{{fieldElementReaderType}}> value) {
 {{#fieldUnion}}
@@ -336,7 +341,7 @@ inline void {{typeFullName}}::Builder::set{{fieldTitleCase}}(
       _builder, {{fieldOffset}} * ::capnproto::POINTERS, value);
 }
 
-{{/fieldIsList}}
+{{/fieldIsNonStructList}}
 {{#fieldIsListOrBlob}}
 inline {{fieldType}}::Builder {{typeFullName}}::Builder::init{{fieldTitleCase}}(unsigned int size) {
 {{#fieldUnion}}
@@ -413,6 +418,16 @@ inline void {{typeFullName}}::Builder::set{{fieldTitleCase}}(typename T::Reader
       _builder, {{fieldOffset}} * ::capnproto::POINTERS, value);
 }
 
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline void {{typeFullName}}::Builder::set{{fieldTitleCase}}(std::initializer_list<U> value) {
+{{#fieldUnion}}
+  _builder.setDataField<{{unionTitleCase}}::Which>(
+      {{unionTagOffset}} * ::capnproto::ELEMENTS, {{unionTitleCase}}::{{fieldUpperCase}});
+{{/fieldUnion}}
+  ::capnproto::internal::PointerHelpers<T>::set(
+      _builder, {{fieldOffset}} * ::capnproto::POINTERS, value);
+}
+
 template <typename T, typename... Params>
 inline typename T::Builder {{typeFullName}}::Builder::init{{fieldTitleCase}}(Params&&... params) {
 {{#fieldUnion}}